Female     Male  
  Disease   p-valuea #Genes b p-value #Genes
a) Neurological disease   6.25E-8 - 5.81E-3 54(8) 4.06E-3 - 2.41E-2 8(2)
  Rett syndrome 2.73E-8   9      
  Psychological disorder 5.03E-5   26      
  Mood disorder 8.94E-5   20      
  Bipolar affective disorder 7.19E-5   18        
  Taupathy 1.58E-3   14      
  Encepahlopathy 1.79E-5   10      
  Neuropathy 2.04E-3   17      
  Neurodegenerative disease 2.34E-3   14      
  Alzheimer’s disease 3.72E-3   13      
  Neurological disorder 5.81E-3   52 2.41E-2 8  
b) Infectious disease   9.17E-7   8(0) 2.76E-2 1(0)
c) Inflammatory disease/disorder   1.49E-5 - 1.66E-3 40(6) NSc  
  Inflammatory bowel disease 1.42E-4   20      
  Crohn’s disease 1.42E-4   19      
  Arthritis 4.89E-4   24      
  Digestive system disorder 1.47E-3   20      
  Genetic disorder of heart 6.69E-5   3      
d) Cardiovascular disease   2.25E-5 - 9.47E-03 32(3) 5.58E-3 - 6.45E-2 13(9)
  Atherosclerosis 2.25E-5   21 3.99E-2 7  
  Thrombosis 2.26E-4   5      
  Coronary artery disease 5.96E-4   17 6.54E-2 6  
  Cardiovascular disorder 1.17E-3   30 1.96E-2 13  
  Myocardial infraction   6.65E-3   4    
  Cardiac infraction   9.47E-3   4 3.30E-2 1
i) Immunological diseases   1.22E-4 - 5.09E-3 29(4) 2.21E-2 2(2)
  Rheumatoid arthritis   3.31E-3   21    
  Autoimmune disease   5.09E-3   27    
j) Hematopoiesis   2.65E-4   13(0) 1.01E-2 3(1)
k) Respiratory disease   3.99E-3   11(2) 3.32E-2 2(1)
l) Cancer   5.28E-3 - 1.47E-2 19(5) 3.07E-5 - 3.84E-2 14(6)
  Hyperplasia of prostrate NS     3.07E-5 5  
  Hyperproliferation NS     3.29E-2 5  
  Colorectal cancer 8.32E-3   13 NS    
  Epithelial ovarian cancer 9.18E-3   4 NS      
  Transformation 1.22E-2   6 NS    
m) Diabetes mellitus 8.31E-3   24(2) 3.01E-3 11(6)  
n) Renal and urological disorder   9.47E-3   10(0) 5.58E-3 1(1)
o) Organismal injury and abnormalities 9.47E-3   9(0) 5.58E-3 3(1)
p) Connective tissue & muscular disorder 9.47E-3   25(1) NS  
aThe p-value is calculated using the right-tailed Fisher Exact Test. bThe number of smoking-correlated genes in each category of functional assignments is presented. The number of genes up-regulated in each category is shown in parentheses. cNS: Not Significant.
Table 3: IPA functional analysis of sex-specific smoking correlated genes differentially expressed in smokers’ peripheral blood cells.