Figure 1: Effect of PhIP and curcumin alone and in combination on Nrf2, FOXO, BRCA-1, H2AFX and P16 signaling pathways, with HPRT used as a normalization control. MCF 10A cells were treated for 24h, total RNA was isolated and RT-PCR was applied to amplify specific gene products. The sequences of forward and reverse primers are given in Table 2. Comparative band intensity was used to determine the induction or suppression of each transcript. All results were repeated at least twice with similar expression.