Figure 3: The whole brain maps of 10 monoamines and the correlated behavioral features. a. Monoamine concentration (average with standard deviation). Monoamine concentration in each brain sub-region from both experimental groups was summated over 13 sub-regions and the average was figured out with the standard deviation. The order of monoamines from top to bottom was according to the emotional color code from active/affinity (green/blue) to alert (red) and not necessarily according to chemically close relation (metabolites) b, c. Monoamine expression maps in the whole brain, 13 sub-regions. The concentration of each monoamine from each sub-region was sorted according to the values among Grp and Iso subjects together. The order was expressed as 10 steps gray scales (see the bottom common gray-scale) and was mapped. The distribution pattern of each monoamine was different each other and suggested a similar distribution among a monoamine and its metabolites d. The brain regions that expressed significantly higher monoamine in the comparison between Grp (blue) and Iso (red). (p-value was calculated by Two-tailed paired student t-test with both sides, unequal variance; dark: p<0.05, light: p<0.1). The group difference was restricted to the limited sub-region e. The correlation of each monoamine in a brain sub-region with behaviors was illustrated using a color code for each emotion. As illustrated in Figure 2c, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (R) was computed using a monoamine concentration in a sub-region and behavior principal components score (the first or second components) of a subject from either Grp and Iso and the R value was used as x or y coordinate value in the PCA plane. The monoamine vector was color-coded according to the emotional quadrant illustration (Figure 3g) and mapped on a sub-region. This method was applied to ten monoamines and thirteen sub-regions. The color density indicates as ‘0.3<R<0.6 (shorter length vector, light)’ or ‘R>=0.6 (longer length vector, dark)’ f. The subdivision scheme of a whole brain. First, the cerebellum (region #13) was removed. Then, the first coronal cut was done between the cerebral cortex and the midbrain (tectum)/thalamus and the second coronal cut was done at Interaural 4.72. The sagital cut along rostral-cordal axis was at Lateral 0.00, +/-3.88 [mm] after ‘The Chick Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates’ [35]. The conversion from a whole brain outline to the schematic drawing was illustrated. g. For convenience, the emotional color definitions of Figure 2c was again presented as Figure 3e