| ABBREVIATION |  | 
      
        | Cd | Cadmium | 
      
        | CdCl2 | Cadmium chloride | 
      
        | CdS | Cadmium sulphide | 
      
        | Pb | Lead | 
      
        | Hg | Mercury | 
      
        | HgCl2 | Mercury chloride | 
      
        | MeHg | Methyl Mercury | 
      
        | MeHgCl | Methyl Mercury    Chloride | 
      
        | V | Vanadium | 
      
        | Pt | Platinum | 
      
        | Pd | Palladium | 
      
        | ROS | Reactive Oxygen    Species | 
      
        | O2− | Superoxide anion | 
      
        | H2O2 | Hydrogen    Peroxide | 
      
        | HOCl | Hypochlorous    Acid | 
      
        | OH’ | Hydroxyl Radical | 
      
        | NO | Nitric Oxide | 
      
        | iNOS | Inducible Nitric    Oxide Synthase | 
      
        | MMP | Matrix    Metalloproteinases | 
      
        | LTB4, LTC4 and LTD4 | Leukotriene B4, Leukotriene C4 & D4 | 
      
        | IL (e.g IL-8) | Interleukin    (e.g. interleukin-8) | 
      
        | TNF | Tumor necrosis    factor | 
      
        | MCP-1 | Monocyte    chemotactic protein-1 | 
      
        | MIP-1a | Macrophage    inflammatory protein-1 alpha | 
      
        | NFkB | Nuclear factor    kappa B | 
      
        | AP-1 | Activation    protein-1 | 
      
        | JNK | c-Jun N-terminal    kinase | 
      
        | MEK-1 | MAP    (Mitogen-Activated Protein) Kinase/ERK ( | 
      
        | P38 MAPK | p38    mitogen-activated protein kinases | 
      
        | ERK-1 | Extracellular    Signal-Regulated Kinases 1 | 
      
        | PI-3K | Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase | 
      
        | FMLP | N-formyl-methionyl-leucine-phenylalanine | 
      
        | PMA | Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate | 
      
        | PKC | Protein kinase C | 
      
        | PAF | Platelet    Activating Factor | 
      
        | PGE2 | Prostaglandin E 2 |