Author |
na |
Sample Source |
Metabolite |
DFb |
Central Tendency |
Adgate (2001) [16] |
102 |
Minnesota Child |
TCPy |
93% |
GMc=6.4 µg/Ld; AMe= 9.2 µg/L |
Aprea (1999) [55] |
42 |
General Population Italy |
TCPy |
88% |
CAMf=3.5 µg/gg |
Arcury (2007) [56] |
60 |
Latino Age 1-6 |
TCPy |
83.3% |
GM=1.92µg/L; CAGMh=2.38 µg/g |
|
|
PNP |
90% |
GM=1.0 µg/L; CAGM= 1.25 µg/g |
|
|
3-PBA |
40% |
NAi |
Barr (2005) [53] |
1994 |
All |
TCPy |
91% (weighted) |
GM=1.77µg/L; CAGM=1.58 µg/g |
Barr (2010) [19] |
3048
(3046 for CA) |
NHANES 1999-2002 |
3-PBA |
75.4% (weighted) |
GM=0.318µg/L; CAGM=0.324 µg/g |
Berger-Preiss (2002) [57] |
145 |
Adults and Children |
3-PBA |
28% |
Mean=0.25 µg/L |
Berkowitz (2004) [37] |
404 |
Pregnant Females |
TCPy |
NA |
Median=7.6µg/L; CA Median= 11.5 µg/g |
Eskenazi (2004)
[45] |
488 |
Pregnant Females |
TCPy |
76.3% |
Median=3.3 µg/L |
|
in Agricultural Community |
PNP |
54.4% |
Median= 0.5 µg/L |
Hill (1995) [55] |
993 |
USA NHANES III |
TCPy |
82% |
Mean=4.5 µg/L; CAM=3.1 µg/g |
980 |
|
PNP |
41% |
Mean=1.6 µg/L, CAM=1.2 µg/g |
Macintosh (2001) [44] |
80 |
NHEXAS- Maryland |
TCPy |
96% |
GM=5.1 µg/L; CAGM= 4.5 µg/g |
Morgan 2005 [58] |
128 |
Children |
TCP |
NA |
GM=5.2 ng/ml; Mean=7.3 ng/ml |
110 (Creatinine) |
|
|
|
CAGM 8 ng/mg; CAM= 10.5 ng/mg |
Naeher (2010) [59] |
203 |
Children Age 4-6 |
3-PBA |
99.5% |
Mean=5.0 µg/L |
Olsson (2003) [60] |
140 |
NA |
TCPy |
56% |
GM= 9.7 µg/L |
|
|
|
PNP |
99% |
GM= 2.1 µg/L |
Panuwet (2008) [61] |
136 |
Thailand General Population |
PNP |
99.3% |
GM= 2.8 µg/L; CAGM=2.1 µg/g |
104 |
|
TCPy |
76.5% |
GM=1.7 µg/L; CAGM=1.3 µg/g |
118 |
|
3-PBA |
86.8% |
GM=1.1 µg/L; CAGM=0.86 µg/g |
Panuwet (2009) [62] |
207 |
Thailand Age 12-13 |
PNP |
98% |
GM=2.68 ng/ML; CAGM=3.07 µg/g |
|
|
|
|
AM=4.07 ng/ml; CAAMj=3.81 µg/g |
|
|
TCPy |
92% |
GM=2.35 ng/ml; CAGM=2.7 mg/g |
|
|
|
|
AM=4.02 ng/ml; CAAM=3.74 mg/g |
|
|
3-PBA |
47% |
GM=0.2 ng/ml; CAGM=0.23 µg/g |
|
|
|
|
AM=1.0 ng/ml; CAAM=0.95 µg/g |
Steenland (2000) [63] |
65 |
Termiticide Applicator (Recent App) |
TCPy |
NA |
Mean=629.5 µg/L; CAM= 331 µg/g |
40 |
Termiticide Applicator |
TCPy |
NA |
Mean= 119.0 µg/L; CAM= 55 µg/g |
52 |
Non-Exposed Control |
TCPy |
|
Mean=6.2 µg/L; CAM=3µg/g |
Ueyama (2009) [64] |
448 |
Japanese General Population |
3-PBA |
|
GM=0.29 µg/L; CAGM=0.4 µg/g |
|
|
|
|
AM=0.63 µg/L; CAAM= 0.73 µg/g |
87 |
Japanese Farmers |
|
|
GM=0.38 µg/L; CAGM=0.45 µg/g |
|
|
|
|
AM=0.76 µg/L; CAAM=0.81 µg/g |
Ye (2008) [65] |
9778 |
Mothers |
TCPy |
100% |
GM=1.2 µg/L; CAGM=1.9 µg/g |
a(n) = Number in Sample; b(DF) = Detection Frequency; c(GM) = Geometric Mean; d(μg/L) = Micrograms per Liter; e(AM) = Arithmetic Mean; f(CAM) = Creatinine-Adjusted
Mean; g(μg/g) = Micrograms per Gram; h(CAGM) = Creatinine-Adjusted GM; i(NA) = Not Available; j(CAAM) = Creatinine-Adjusted AM