| Variables |
NMPD user (N=3.583) |
Non-NMPD user (N=32.933) |
| Health Services Utilization (past year) |
| Any ER Visit (%) *** |
40.46 |
29.34 |
| Any Inpatient Hospital Night (%) *** |
10.24 |
9.27 |
| Number of ER Visits *** |
0.864
(1.890) |
0.576
(1.513) |
| Number of Inpatient Hospital Nights *** |
0.474
(2.421) |
0.399
(2.072) |
| Socio-Demographics and Economic Variables |
| Male (%) *** |
51.21 |
46.03 |
| Age 18-20 (%) *** |
28.80 |
18.77 |
| Age 21-25 (%) *** |
41.69 |
28.68 |
| Age 26-34 (%) |
13.73 |
14.88 |
| Age 35-older (%) *** |
15.76 |
37.66 |
| Married (%) *** |
17.44 |
37.82 |
| Widowed, divorced, or separated (%) *** |
7.92 |
11.65 |
| Never married (%) *** |
74.63 |
50.51 |
| White (%) *** |
74.32 |
63.10 |
| African-American (%) *** |
7.34 |
12.64 |
| Hispanic (%) *** |
10.94 |
15.75 |
| Asian (%) *** |
1.81 |
4.03 |
| Other race (%) *** |
5.58 |
4.45 |
| Less than high-school education (%) *** |
18.55 |
15.80 |
| High-school education (%) *** |
33.68 |
32.62 |
| Some college education (%) *** |
32.15 |
29.27 |
| College graduate (%) *** |
15.60 |
22.29 |
| Unemployed (%) *** |
14.93 |
9.34 |
| Not in the labor force (%) *** |
20.34 |
23.28 |
| Family income *** |
44,625
(33,694) |
49,784
(33,686) |
| Health insurance (%) *** |
71.67 |
79.06 |
| Reside in urban area (%) ** |
80.07 |
78.39 |
| Pregnant (%) |
1.84 |
2.36 |
| Number of persons in the household *** |
3.186
(1.385) |
3.197
(1.405) |
| Behavioral Health Variables |
| Alcohol user2 (%) *** |
93.46 |
73.88 |
| Illicit drug user3 (%) *** |
65.61 |
15.24 |
| Major depression episode diagnosis in past year (%) *** |
16.43 |
7.05 |
| Anxiety disorder in past year (%) *** |
12.33 |
4.98 |
| Physical Health Variables |
| Health status4 *** |
2.300
(0.884) |
2.164
(0.927) |
| Diabetes (%) *** |
2.62 |
4.56 |
| Heart disease (%) *** |
0.72 |
2.63 |
| Hypertension in past year (%) *** |
6.27 |
10.39 |
| Asthma (%) *** |
15.46 |
12.40 |
| Pneumonia in past year (%) *** |
1.47 |
0.98 |
Notes: Mean values are reported for all variables. Standard deviations are reported in parentheses for continuous variables. 