Table 2

	First pregnancy with diabetes	Second or greater pregnancy with diabetes	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	P
Hemoglobin A1C (mean ± standard deviation)	7.7 ± 1.9	7.4 ± 1.6		NS
Hemoglobin A1C ≥ 7	57.1%	51.7%	0.80 (0.31-2.1)	NS
Hemoglobin A1C ≥ 9	23.8%	17.2%	0.67 (0.20-2.2)	NS
Preconceptual counseling	14.3%	3.4%	0.21 (0.02-1.9)	NS
Preconceptual folic acid	31.0%	31.0%	1.0 (0.4-2.8)	NS
No insulin prior to pregnancy b	48%	18%	0.24 (0.4-1.3)	NS
Insulin prior to pregnancy	71%	72%	1.1 (0.25-4.7)	NS
Cesarean delivery	62.2%	62.5%	1.0 (0.4-2.9)	NS
Birth weight, g (mean ± standard deviation)	3512 ± 750	3422 ± 616		NS

^bThere was a non-significant trend towards better glycemic control (smaller proportion of patients with poor control) in the no insulin patients with previously affected pregnancies compared to the no insulin patients in their first affected pregnancy (p=0.1)

Table 2: Primary and secondary outcome measures of first versus second or greater pregnancy with diabetes.