|
Combined |
Males (52.6%) |
Females (47.4%) |
Trait |
Deficient |
Sufficient |
p value* |
Deficient |
Sufficient |
p value* |
Deficient |
Sufficient |
p value* |
(<50nmol/L) |
( ≥ 50nmol/L) |
(<50nmol/L) |
( ≥ 50nmol/L) |
(<50nmol/L) |
( ≥ 50nmol/L) |
Prevalence |
(%) |
(%) |
|
(%) |
(%) |
|
(%) |
(%) |
|
Total (n=1,765) |
75.8 |
24.2 |
p<0.0001 |
78.3 |
21.7 |
p<0.0001 |
72.6 |
27.4 |
p<0.0001 |
Type 2 Diabetes |
83.51 |
16.5 |
p<0.0001 |
85 |
15 |
p<0.0001 |
81.6 |
18.4 |
p<0.0001 |
Normoglycemic controls |
68.01 |
32.7 |
p<0.0001 |
71.5 |
28.5 |
p<0.0001 |
63.5 |
36.5 |
p<0.0001 |
BMI<23kg/m2 |
65.22 |
34.8 |
p<0.0001 |
68.7 |
31.3 |
p<0.0001 |
59.8 |
40.2 |
p=0.012 |
BMI 23-27.5kg/m2 |
75.52,3 |
24.5 |
p<0.0001 |
80.2 |
19.8 |
p<0.0001 |
68.6 |
31.4 |
p<0.0001 |
BMI>27.5kg/m2 |
81.43 |
18.6 |
p<0.0001 |
82.4 |
17.6 |
p<0.0001 |
80.4 |
19.6 |
p<0.0001 |
Hypertensive (>140/85) |
78.24 |
21.8 |
p<0.0001 |
81.8 |
18.2 |
p<0.0001 |
73.8 |
26.2 |
p<0.0001 |
Non-Hypertensive |
72.84 |
27.2 |
p<0.0001 |
74.1 |
25.9 |
p<0.0001 |
71.6 |
28.4 |
p<0.0001 |
| |
β (95% CI) |
p value |
β (95% CI) |
p valued |
β (95% CI) |
p valued |
Type 2 Diabetes |
-0.41 (-0.5, -0.3) |
2.8 × 10-20a |
-0.5 (-0.6, -0.4) |
4.9 × 10-17 |
-0.3 (-0.4, -0.2) |
3.6 × 10-7 |
| Metabolic Traits |
Fasting Glucose (mg/dL) |
-0.18 (-0.3,-0.03) |
0.022b |
-0.01 (-0.04, 0.01) |
0.31 |
-0.03 (-0.5, -0.003) |
0.03 |
Fasting Insulin (µIU/mL) |
0.04 (-0.01, 0.09) |
0.145b |
0.006 (0.07, 0.08) |
0.89 |
0.08 (0.002, 0.2) |
0.044 |
C Peptide (ng/mL) |
0.09 (0.02,0.1) |
0.017b |
0.002 (0.1, 0.1) |
0.97 |
0.21 (0.09, 0.3) |
4.9 × 10-4 |
Amylin (pg/mL) |
0.019 (-0.002,0.04) |
0.071b |
0.004 (0.03, 0.03) |
0.82 |
0.04 (0.009, 0.06) |
0.009 |
HOMA-B |
0.17 (0.09,0.2) |
8.0 × 10-6b |
0.09 (0.001, 0.19) |
0.05 |
0.2 (0.1, 0.3) |
1.4 × 10-5 |
| Obesity |
BMI (kg/m2) |
-0.71 (-0.9, -0.4) |
1.4 × 10-7c |
-0.6 (-0.9, -0.3) |
3.8 × 10-4 |
-0.8 (-1.2, -0.4) |
8.7 × 10-5 |
| Cardiovascular Traits |
Systolic BP (mmHg) |
-1.68 (-2.9,-0.4) |
0.006b |
-3.2 (-4.9, -1.5) |
1.8 × 10-4 |
-1.0 (-2.9, 0.7) |
0.23 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) |
0.32 (0.3,0.9) |
0.35b |
0.2 (1.2, 0.8) |
0.75 |
0.3 (0.6, 1.2) |
0.56 |
Pulse Pressure (mmHg) |
-1.85 (-2.8, -0.9) |
1.2 × 10-4b |
-3.1 (-4.3, -1.8) |
2.3 × 10-6 |
-1.0 (-2.4, 0.4) |
0.17 |
Prevalence *Chi-square analysis: 1T2Dvs Normoglycemic (p<0.0001); 2BMI<23 vs BMI 23-27.5 (p<0.0001); 3BMI 23-27.5 vs BMI>27.5 (p<0.0001); 4Hypertensive vs Non-Hypertensive (p<0.0001); Multiple Regression aLogistic regression adjusted for BMI, age, gender; bLinear regression adjusted for T2D, age, BMI and
gender; cLinear regression adjusted for T2D, age and gender; dGender was excluded as co-variant |
