Protein name Gene name Change in expression Microarray experiment 6-Phosphogluconolactonase PGLS ↓ ↓ Acetyl coenzyme A acyltransferase ACAT1 M ↑ Adenylate kinase 2 isoform a AK2 ↑ ↑ Adenylate dehydrogenase 1A3 ALDH1A3 ↑ ↓ Aldehyde dehydrogenase X ALDH1B1 ↓ ↓ Aldose reductase  AKR1B1 ↑ ↑ Carbonyl reductasea CBR1 ↓   Cathepsin B CTSD ↓ ↓ Coproporphyrinogen oxidase CPOX ↑   Glutathione synthetase GSS ↑   Glutathione-S-transferasea chain A GSTA2 ↓ ↓ Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase pck1 ↓   Protein-L-isoaspartate O-methyltransferase PCMT1 ↑   Pyridoxine 5’-phosphate oxidase PNPO ↓   Pyrophosphatase (inorganic) PPA1 ↓   Host cell proteins were designated as being down regulated in expression (↓), upregulated (↑), or modulated (M). Modulated proteins had expression altered across several isoforms on the same gel using the Amersham difference gel electrophoresis, and this probably indicated a posttranslational modification event [354]. aThe host cell proteins, which also changed expression in the brains of patients with mild cognitive impairement, early AD, or AD [369]

Table 20: Selected modifications in the proteomes of human foreskin fibroblasts infected with T. gondii: proteins implicated in metabolism (Nelson et al. [368]; with own modification).