| GT segment |
Type of abnormality |
Species |
References |
| Esophagus, stomach, intestine |
Loss of ICCs |
Human, mouse, rat |
[488] |
| Esophagus, stomach, intestine |
Diabetic gastroenteropathy |
Human, mouse, rat |
[489] |
| Stomach |
Gastroparesis, oxidative stress |
Mouse |
[490] |
| Stomach |
Gastroparesis, regional injury of ICCs |
Rat |
[491] |
| Stomach |
Gastroparesis |
Human |
[492] |
| Stomach |
Gastroparesis |
Human |
[493] |
| Stomach, intestine |
Oxidative stress |
Human, mouse, rat |
[494] |
| Duodenum |
Loss of enteric neurons |
Rat |
[495] |
Duodenum, jejunum,
ileum, colon |
Region-specific nitrergic neuronal loss, gastrointestinal motility disorders |
Rat |
[496] |
| Duodenum, cecum |
Loss of enteric neurons |
Rat |
[497] |
| Jejunum |
Decreased NO responsiveness and nNOS protein expression |
Rat |
[498] |
| Ileum |
Loss of enteric neurons |
Rat |
[499] |
| Small intestine |
Loss of enteric neurons, gastrointestinal motility disorders |
Human, mouse, rat |
[500] |
| Colon |
Loss of enteric neurons, gastrointestinal motility disorders, increased oxidative stress |
Human |
[501] |
| Colon |
Reduction in GFAP and neurotrophins |
Rat |
[502] |
GT: Gastrointestinal Tract; ICCs, Interstitial Cells of Cajal; nNOS, Neuronal NO Synthase; GFAP, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein |
