Ordinary bottled Water Zamzam Water Parameter Baseline Final p-value Baseline Final p-value Total antioxidant capacity (mM) 4.01 ± 0.14 3.2 ± 0.22 0.001 2.74 ± 0.20 3.81 ± 0.19 0.000 Catalase (nmol/min/ml) 95.0 ± 11.6 87.1 ± 8.4 0.224 119.4 ± 11.6 140.9 ± 11.6 0.001 superoxide dismutase (U/ml) 7.84 ± 0.56 6.12 ± 0.56 0.001 8.45 ± 0.76 9.86 ± 0.70 0.034 TBARS (µM) 42.6 ± 4.6 43.7 ± 4.8 0.714 41.3 ± 4.0 40.8 ± 5.0 0.884 Glutathione (µM) 3.90 ± 0.55 3.42 ± 0.37 0.269 4.65 ± 0.74 6.37 ± 0.74 0.009 Values represent mean ± SEM

Table 2: Baseline and final blood levels of antioxidant parameters in diabetic patients receiving ordinary bottled water (control) or Zamzam water (test) for two months.