Table 2

	Diabetic						Non-diabetic
				p-values						p-values
	EBGS (N=479)	LIPUS (N=183)	No-stim (N=742)	EBGS vs. No- stim	LIPUS vs. No- stim	EBGS vs. LIPUS	EBGS (N=2951)	LIPUS (N=1251)	No-stim (N=6022)	EBGS vs. No-stim	LIPUS vs. No-stim	EBGS vs. LIPUS
	%	%	%	EBGS vs. No- stim	LIPUS vs. No- stim	EBGS vs. LIPUS	%	%	%	EBGS vs. No-stim	LIPUS vs. No-stim	EBGS vs. LIPUS
Open fracture (%)	1.7	0.6	4.9	<0.01	0.01	0.26	2.9	2.0	4.4	<0.01	<0.01	0.10
Fracture location (%)				<0.01	<0.01	0.13				<0.01	<0.01	0.12
Clavicle	0.8	3.8	4.5				6.9	7.1	8.8
Humerus	5.9	7.1	11.6				5.2	4.2	5.7
Radius and ulna	5.4	7.1	7.8				6.2	6.7	10.5
Carpal	2.1	1.6	5.5				8.5	8.3	15.8
Metacarpal	0.4	0.6	1.6				1.5	0.6	2.2
Phalanges of hand	0.4	0.0	3.4				0.9	0.9	5.6
Neck of femur	1.3	1.1	5.3				1.0	0.9	2.9
Other parts of femur	2.3	3.3	4.6				2.3	3.3	2.1
Tibia and fibula	8.4	7.1	5.7				9.9	11.8	5.5
Ankle	9.2	14.2	15.6				7.8	8.6	9.5
Tarsal and metatarsal bones	60.5	52.5	25.1				46.5	43.9	23.6
Phalanges of foot	1.7	0.0	4.7				2.3	2.6	3.8
Other	1.6	1.7	4.8				0.9	1.4	4.0
Fracture-related treatments in the 9 months before the index date (%)
Cast/splint	33.2	36.6	23.5	<0.01	<0.01	0.41	32.1	30.1	24.4	<0.01	<0.01	0.20
Application of external fixation device	3.6	4.9	4.0	0.66	0.60	0.42	3.1	4.4	2.6	0.25	<0.01	0.03
Closed reduction without internal fixation	4.4	2.7	6.5	0.12	0.05	0.33	4.4	5.1	4.0	0.35	0.08	0.34
Closed reduction with internal fixation	1.3	3.3	2.3	0.19	0.44	0.08	1.8	2.0	3.3	<0.01	0.02	0.60
Open reduction without internal fixation	10.7	10.9	12.8	0.26	0.49	0.92	12.5	10.2	8.2	<0.01	0.02	0.03
Open reduction with internal fixation	20.5	17.5	20.9	0.86	0.30	0.39	20.8	19.3	13.7	<0.01	<0.01	0.28
Bone graft	1.0	4.9	1.8	0.32	0.01	<0.01	2.5	2.4	1.5	<0.01	0.02	0.79
Arthroscopy	1.3	2.7	2.3	0.19	0.73	0.18	2.6	3.2	2.1	0.14	0.02	0.29
Complications during the 9 month pre-index period (%)
Injury to blood vessel of upper or lower limb	0.2	0.0	0.3	0.83	0.48	0.54	0.4	0.5	0.3	0.43	0.43	0.86
Injury to nerve of upper or lower limb	1.0	0.5	0.3	0.08	0.56	0.55	0.3	0.5	0.9	<0.01	0.15	0.39
Secondary and recurrent hemorrhage	0.0	0.0	0.0	NA	NA	NA	0.0	0.0	0.0	NA	NA	NA
Posttraumatic wound infection	0.6	0.5	0.8	0.72	0.71	0.91	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.96	0.71	0.76
Traumatic compartment syndrome	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.75	0.62	0.54	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.05	0.84	0.22
Septicemia/bacteremia	1.9	1.1	2.8	0.29	0.18	0.48	0.4	0.8	0.5	0.64	0.22	0.15
Mechanical complication of internal orthopedic device/implant/graft	4.4	6.0	6.3	0.15	0.87	0.38	3.4	3.6	3.5	0.72	0.92	0.74
Infection and inflammatory reaction due to internal prosthetic device/implant/graft	2.5	1.1	3.2	0.46	0.12	0.26	1.1	1.5	1.3	0.44	0.56	0.28
Blood transfusion	4.8	5.5	8.4	0.02	0.19	0.73	2.0	4.8	3.0	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
Treatments in the 12 months after the index date (%)
Any fracture related treatment	18.4	16.9	20.0				16.7	19.5	24.7
Cast/splint	18.4	16.9	20.0	0.50	0.36	0.67	16.7	19.5	24.7	<0.01	<0.01	0.03
Application of external fixation device	2.3	1.6	3.1	0.40	0.28	0.60	1.3	1.4	2.1	<0.01	0.11	0.63
Closed reduction without internal fixation	1.3	2.2	1.2	0.95	0.32	0.38	1.4	1.4	1.3	0.81	0.86	0.99
Closed reduction with internal fixation	0.0	0.0	0.8	0.05	0.22	NA	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.11	0.66	0.45
Open reduction without internal fixation	4.0	4.9	12.7	<0.01	<0.01	0.59	6.3	6.9	15.8	<0.01	<0.01	0.47
Open reduction with internal fixation	7.5	16.4	24.8	<0.01	0.02	<0.01	11.1	13.5	24.2	<0.01	<0.01	0.02
Bone graft	9.6	18.0	25.7	<0.01	0.03	<0.01	17.3	22.9	32.5	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
Arthroscopy	1.5	3.8	4.7	<0.01	0.60	0.06	3.4	3.7	5.7	<0.01	<0.01	0.64

Table 2: Characteristics of the fractures and the fracture-related treatments in the different treatment cohorts for both diabetic and non-diabetic patients.