| |
Healthy control (n=16)‡ |
NAFLD diet (n=8) |
NAFLD exercise
(n=13) |
| Pre |
Post |
Pre |
Post |
| Age (years) |
40 ± 12 |
45 ±14 |
- |
50 ± 9 |
- |
| Gender (M/F) |
11/5 |
4/4 |
- |
9/4 |
- |
| BMI (kg/m2)
† |
23 ± 3‡ |
35 ± 8 |
32 ± 7 * |
33 ± 6 |
33 ± 5 |
Waist (cm)
Body fat (%) |
82 ± 8‡
23± 6 |
111 ± 17
38 ± 8 |
104 ± 20 *
35 ± 11 |
114 ± 18
39 ±8 |
109 ± 16**
34 ± 7** |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) |
72 ± 7‡ |
80 ± 9 |
75 ±12 |
88 ± 9 |
84±10 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg)
† |
115 ± 8‡ |
126 ± 13 |
117 ± 13 * |
140 ± 19 |
138 ± 18 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl) |
90 ± 7‡ |
95 ± 7 |
94 ± 13 |
99 ± 9 |
95 ± 7 |
| Fasting insulin (μU/ml) |
3 ± 2‡ |
19 ± 15 |
13 ± 7 |
24 ± 22 |
15 ± 10 |
| Fasting triglycerides (mg/dl) |
44 ± 18‡ |
142 ± 71 |
124 ± 78 |
177 ± 97 |
177 ± 115 |
| Fasting HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) |
53 ± 12‡ |
37 ± 12 |
40 ± 11 |
35 ± 10 |
40 ± 10 ** |
| ALT (U/L) |
23 ± 12‡ |
70 ± 58 |
51 ± 47 |
61 ± 30 |
53 ± 34 |
| Patients with the metabolic syndrome n (%) |
0 (0) |
5 (63) |
5 (63) |
8 (62) |
8 (62) |
TNFα (pg/ml)
hsCRP (mg/L)
Total adiponectin (μg/ml)
HMW adiponectin (μg/ml) |
4.1(1.6-18.3)
0.6(0.1-3.7)‡
5.6 ± 3.1‡
2.7 ± 1.8‡ |
5.0(2.1-12.0)
2.7(0.5-9.7)
3.1 ± 1.3
1.1 ± 0.8 |
4.5(2.1-6.5)
1.7(0.5-9.0)
3.8 ±1.4*
1.7 ± 1.1* |
5.1(3.8-17.3)
1.5(0.7-4.8)
3.6 ± 1.6
1.5 ± 1.0 |
5.7(3.5-17.3)
1.0(0.2-4.8)
3.4 ± 1.8
1.2 ±1.0 |
Glucose metabolism
Clamp plasma insulin (μU/ml)
Clamp plasma glucose (mg/dl)
Muscle
TGD (mg/kgFFM/min)
TGD/I (mg/kgFFM/min)/(mU/L)
Oxidative GDR (mg/kgFFM/min)
Non-oxidative GDR (mg/kgFFM/min)
Liver
Fasting EGP (μmol/kg/min)
Hepatic-IR (μmol/kgFFM/min/pmol/L)
Suppression EGP (%)
Lipid metabolism
Fasting NEFA (mmol/L)
Adipose tissue-IR (mmol/pmol/L)
β-Hydroxybutyrate (mmol/L)
Fasting whole body fat oxidation (mg/kg/min) |
49 ± 10‡
79.2 ± 7.2
9.1 ± 2.3‡
19.8 ± 7.8‡
3.7 ± 0.7
5.3 ± 2.7‡
12.2 ± 2.7
5.4 ± 3.4‡
94 ± 11
0.
61 ± 0.19
15.2 ± 8.3‡
0.14 ± 0.07‡
1.01 ± 0.34‡ |
76 ± 28
79.2 ± 7.2
4.3 ± 1.4
6.2 ± 2.7
3.2 ± 0.9
1.0 ± 1.0
10.1 ± 1.0
21.1 ± 16.1
91 ± 11
0.62 ± 0.16
84.3 ± 69.4
0.08 ± 0.02
0.73 ± 0.24 |
70 ± 22
84.6 ± 7.2
5.2±1.6
7.8 ± 2.6
3.3 ± 0.8
1.9 ± 1.4
10.9 ± 2.0
15.6 ± 8.2
95 ± 6
0.
64 ± 0.21
47.4 ± 24.1
0.10 ± 0.04*
0.85 ± 0.32 |
81 ± 26
84.6 ± 7.2
4.5±1.7
6.5 ± 4.3
3.6 ± 1.7
0.9 ± 2.3
10.9 ± 1.7
26.2 ± 21.5
86 ± 12
0.56 ± 0.18
94.3 ± 90.4
0.10 ± 0.03
0.77 ± 0.15 |
79 ± 18
81.9 ± 7.2
5.3 ± 1.6*
7.3 ± 4.0
2.9 ± 1.1
2.4 ± 1.3 *
10.9 ± 2.3
16.4 ± 11.8
98 ± 4*
0.60 ± 0.23
60.3 ± 42.9
0.11 ± 0.06
0.88 ± 0.26 |
Values are mean ± SD or median (range) for non-parametric variables. There was no difference between NAFLD groups in any variable at baseline. Intention-to-treat
analysis performed for pre- and post-analysis.