| |
Odd ratio (95% confidence interval) |
| Mobility |
Self-care |
Usual activities |
Pain/discomfort |
Anxiety/depression |
| Age (10 years) |
1.77(1.65-1.91)a |
1.72(1.52-1.96)a |
1.56(1.43-1.70)a |
1.15(1.10-1.20)a |
0.96(0.91-1.00) c |
| Female gender |
1.67(1.45-1.93)a |
1.39(1.08-1.77) b |
1.65(1.38-1.96)a |
1.80(1.65-1.96)a |
1.83(1.67-2.00)a |
| Disease duration, years |
1.01(1.00-1.02)c |
1.01(0.99-1.02) |
1.00(0.99-1.01) |
1.01(1.00-1.01)c |
1.00(0.99-1.00) |
| Higher education |
0.87(0.68-1.09) |
0.76(0.49-1.16) |
0.75(0.55-1.01) |
0.92(0.81-1.04) |
0.92(0.81-1.04) |
| Obesity |
1.44(1.25-1.67)a |
0.88(0.69-1.12) |
- |
1.27(1.16-1.38)a |
0.94(0.86-1.03) |
| Hypertension |
1.38(1.03-1.84)c |
0.85(0.54-1.34) |
1.04(0.75-1.43) |
0.85(0.76-0.96)b |
- |
| Dyslipidemia |
0.81(0.65-1.02) |
- |
- |
- |
0.81(0.71-0.93)b |
| Use insulin |
0.90(0.72-1.14) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| HbA1c |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1.03(1.00-1.06)c |
| Hypoglycemia at least monthly |
1.38(1.10-1.73)b |
- |
1.31(1.00-1.72)c |
1.70(1.48-1.95)a |
1.65(1.43-1.91)a |
| Nephropathy |
1.72(1.48-2.01)a |
1.52(1.16-1.99)b |
1.73(1.44-2.09)a |
1.09(1.00-1.20) |
1.02(0.93-1.13) |
| Neuropathy |
2.48(1.99-3.09)a |
2.16(1.54-3.02)a |
2.06(1.59-2.68)a |
1.54(1.29-1.83)a |
1.50(1.25-1.81)a |
| Diabetic retinopathy |
1.03(0.89-1.20) |
1.14(0.89-1.47) |
1.04(0.87-1.25) |
- |
1.07(0.96-1.18) |
| Cardiovascular disease |
2.46(2.12-2.85)a |
4.08(3.15-5.28) |
2.99(2.50-3.58)a |
1.14(1.03-1.26)b |
1.26(1.13-1.41)a |
ap < 0.001, bp < 0.01, cp < 0.05
“–“ Not being entered into multivariate regression model (univarate regression P>0.1) |
