NGT (n=2,130) i-IFG (n=113) i-IGT (n=315) IFG/IGT (n=69) NDD (n=108) Known T2DM (n=228) P value Age (years) 52.8 (12.6) 61.3 (10.8) 63.7 (11.3) 64.3 (9.1) 65.3 (10.4) 67.5 (9.1) <0.0001 Male sex (%) 45.5 66.4 46.7 60.9 56.5 59.2 <0.0001 Education (<12 years, %) 56.1 55.8 66.7 59.4 63.0 72.4 <0.0001 BMI (kg/m2) 26.6 (4.3) 29.8 (4.6) 29.5 (4.8) 30.8 (5.0) 31.1 (4.4) 31.2 (5.4) <0.0001 Waist circumference (cm) 90.5 (12.8) 102.4 (12.5) 98.7 (14.2) 104.9 (13.4) 104.5 (11.2) 105.2 (12.7) <0.0001 Systolic blood pressure  (mm Hg) 119.1 (17.4) 130.8 (19.4) 126.4 (19.3) 134.2 (16.6) 131.6 (17.6) 132.8 (19.9) <0.0001 Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) 74.7 (9.7) 77.4 (9.9) 75.5 (10.6) 81.0 (9.3) 77.1 (11.1) 74.5 (10.5) <0.0001 Actual hypertension (%) 27.5 54.0 54.9 69.6 77.8 79.4 <0.0001 Hematocrit (l/l ) 0.41 (0.03) 0.42 (0.03) 0.42 (0.03) 0.43 (0.03) 0.42 (0.04) 0.41 (0.04) <0.0001 Hemoglobin (g/l) 139.9 (12.6) 143.6 (11.1) 142.5 (12.0) 146.3 (11.2) 143.6 (13.0) 139.4 (12.8) <0.0001 Platelet count (/nl) 257.1 (61.2) 254.0 (61.8) 251.9 (68.4) 234.6 (55.7) 249.1 (63.4) 237.4 (62.4) <0.0001 Mean platelet volume (fl) 8.9 (0.9) 8.9 (1.1) 8.9 (0.9) 9.1 (0.9) 8.9 (1.0) 9.1 (1.0) 0.0310 White blood cell count (/nl) 5.6 (1.3) 5.8 (1.3) 6.0 (1.3) 6.0 (1.3) 6.6 (1.3) 6.4 (1.3) <0.0001 Total cholesterol (mmol/l) 5.6 (1.0) 5.8 (1.1) 5.8 (1.1) 5.9 (1.0) 5.7 (1.1) 5.2 (1.0) <0.0001 HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) 1.5 (0.4) 1.3 (0.3) 1.4 (0.4) 1.3 (0.3) 1.2 (0.3) 1.3 (0.3) <0.0001 Triacylglycerol (mmol/l)a 1.1 (1.7) 1.6 (1.6) 1.4 (1.6) 1.8 (1.8) 1.8 (1.8) 1.6 (1.8) <0.0001 Creatinine (μmol/l)a 76.9 (1.2) 81.1 (1.2) 79.4 (1.2) 83.5 (1.2) 83.6 (1.3) 86.7 (1.3) <0.0001 Fasting glucose (mmol/l)a 5.1 (1.1) 6.3 (1.0) 5.3 (1.1) 6.5 (1.0) 6.7 (1.2) 7.5 (1.3) <0.0001 2h-glucose (mmol/l)a 5.3 (1.3) 6.0 (1.2) 8.9 (1.1) 9.2 (1.1) 11.6 (1.3) --- <0.0001 HbA1c value (%) 5.4 (0.3) 5.7 (0.3) 5.6 (0.3) 5.9 (0.3) 6.2 (0.9) 6.8 (1.1) <0.0001 HbA1c value (mmol/mol) 35.1 (3.3) 38.8 (3.5) 37.5 (3.5) 40.7 (3.8) 44.2 (9.6) 51.1 (11.8) <0.0001 Alcohol intake (%)               0 g/day 28.8 31.0 31.1 24.6 30.6 42.1 0.0025 0.1-19.9g (w)/day/0.1-39.9g/day (m) 54.0 45.1 53.0 50.7 47.2 43.0   ≥ 20.0 g/day (w)/ ≥ 40 g/day (m) 17.2 23.9 15.9 24.6 22.2 14.9   Regular smoking (%) 17.7 9.7 6.7 8.7 11.1 10.5 <0.0001 Physically active during leisure time (%) 58.3 45.1 49.5 53.6 47.2 36.4 <0.0001 NGT: Normal Glucose Tolerance; I-IFG: Isolated Impaired Fasting Glucose; I-IGT: Isolated Impaired Glucose Tolerance; NDD: Newly Detected Diabetes; a geometric mean (geometric SD)

Table 1: Study characteristics - means (SD) or percentages - by NGT, i-IFG, i-IGT, IFG/IGT, NDD, and known Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), persons aged 32-81 years (N=2,963), KORA F4 study.