| Variables |
Coefficient |
p-value |
Odds Ratio |
95%CI for OR |
| Age (yr) |
0.02 |
0.229 |
1.02 |
0.99 – 1.05 |
| Gender |
|
|
|
|
| Female |
0.32 |
0.374 |
1.38 |
0.67 – 2.85 |
| Male (ref.) |
- |
|
- |
- |
| Height (cm) |
-0.016 |
0.436 |
0.98 |
0.94 – 1.03 |
| Weight (kg) |
0.01 |
0.311 |
1.01 |
0.99 – 1.03 |
| Body mass index (kg/cm2) |
0.05 |
0.042 |
1.06 |
1.00 – 1.11 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) |
0.01 |
0.296 |
1.01 |
0.99 – 1.03 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) |
-0.01 |
0.767 |
1.00 |
0.96 – 1.03 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) |
0.17 |
0.271 |
1.18 |
0.88 – 1.58 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) |
0.12 |
0.359 |
1.13 |
0.88 – 1.45 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) |
0.05 |
0.799 |
1.05 |
0.73 – 1.50 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) |
0.42 |
0.492 |
1.52 |
0.47 – 4.88 |
| HbA1c |
|
|
|
|
| ≥7% |
1.03 |
0.014 |
2.79 |
1.13 – 6.85 |
| <7%2 |
- |
|
- |
- |
| Education |
|
0.306 |
|
|
| Illiterate |
0.40 |
0.527 |
1.50 |
0.43 – 5.23 |
| Primary school |
-0.26 |
0.731 |
0.77 |
0.17 – 3.43 |
| Secondary school |
-0.32 |
0.673 |
0.73 |
0.16 – 3.23 |
| University2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| Occupation |
|
0.753 |
|
|
| Unemployed |
0.12 |
0.882 |
1.13 |
0.24 – 5.35 |
| Retired |
0.57 |
0.366 |
1.77 |
0.51 – 6.06 |
| Housewife |
0.46 |
0.411 |
1.59 |
0.53 – 4.76 |
| Employed2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| Smoking |
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
-0.27 |
0.717 |
0.77 |
0.17 – 3.39 |
| No2 |
- |
|
- |
- |
| Duration of smoking |
0.03 |
0.556 |
1.03 |
0.93 – 1.15 |
| Duration of diabetes (yr) |
0.06 |
0.006 |
1.06 |
1.02 – 1.10 |
| Family history of diabetes |
|
|
|
|
| Present |
0.16 |
0.654 |
1.17 |
0.59 – 2.32 |
| Absent2 |
- |
|
- |
- |
| Regularly visit of diabetes center |
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
-0.51 |
0.457 |
0.60 |
0.17 – 2.16 |
| No2 |
- |
|
- |
- |
| Mode of diabetes diagnosis |
|
0.989 |
|
|
| Incidental |
0.04 |
0.995 |
1.00 |
0.27 – 3.69 |
| Screening |
-0.06 |
0.901 |
0.95 |
0.40 – 2.27 |
| Symptomatic2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| Treatment of diabetes |
|
|
|
|
| Oral hypoglycaemic agents |
-0.84 |
0.017 |
0.43 |
0.22 – 0.85 |
| Insulin2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| Physical activity |
|
|
|
|
| Inactive |
1.85 |
<0.001 |
6.36 |
2.94 – 13.78 |
| Active2 |
- |
|
- |
- |
| Body fat composition |
|
|
|
|
| Normal |
-0.93 |
0.024 |
0.40 |
0.17 – 0.94 |
| Abnormal2 |
|
|
- |
- |
| Dyslipidemia |
|
|
|
|
| Controlled |
-0.004 |
0.994 |
1.00 |
0.37 – 2.70 |
| Uncontrolled2 |
- |
|
- |
- |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate |
|
|
|
|
| <60 |
0.594 |
0.193 |
1.81 |
0.77 – 4.29 |
| ≥ 602 |
- |
|
- |
- |
| Albuminuria |
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
0.59 |
0.193 |
1.81 |
0.77 – 4.29 |
| No2 |
- |
|
- |
- |
| Retinopathy |
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
0.53 |
0.265 |
1.69 |
0.70 – 4.13 |
| No2 |
- |
|
- |
- |