|   | 
        Group 1
          <1.2 mg/dL 
          n=63  | 
        Group 2 
          1.2-2.3 mg/dL
          n=64  | 
        Group 3
          ≥ 2.3 mg/dL
          n=64  | 
        p - Value  | 
       
      
        | Age (years) | 
        67.8 ± 9.1 | 
        62.2 ± 9.4 | 
        59.3 ± 10.2 a,b | 
        <0.001 | 
       
      
        | BMI (kg/m2)  | 
        24.3 ± 2.2  | 
        27.1 ± 6.0  | 
        26.2 ± 4.2a | 
        0.007  | 
       
      
        | Hb (g/dL)  | 
        12.0 ± 1.8 | 
        12.6 ± 1.8 | 
        12.9 ± 2.0a | 
        0.041 | 
       
      
        | Albumin (g/dL)  | 
        3.8 ± 0.6  | 
        4.2 ± 0.7a | 
        4.3 ± 0.4a | 
        <0.001  | 
       
      
        | Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 
        191.7 ± 44.7 | 
        188.3 ± 32.9 | 
        190.9 ± 40.5 | 
        0.881 | 
       
      
        | Creatinine (mg/dL) | 
        2.6 ± 0.9 | 
        2.0 ± 0.9a | 
        1.7 ± 0.9a | 
        <0.001 | 
       
      
        | eGFR (mL/min)  | 
        25.5 ± 12.2 | 
        41.3 ± 22.0a | 
        51.8 ± 23.8a,b | 
        <0.001  | 
       
      
        | Phosphorus (mg/dL)  | 
        5.5 ± 1.6  | 
        4.4 ± 0.8a  | 
        3.7 ± 0.7a,b | 
        <0.001  | 
       
      
        | PTH (pg/mL)  | 
        257.3 ± 127.0  | 
        141.8 ± 83.5a | 
        69.1 ± 36.8a,b | 
        <0.001  | 
       
      
        | Calcium (mg/dL) | 
        9.4 ± 0.8  | 
        9.5 ± 0.9  | 
        9.4 ± 0.8 | 
        0.853 | 
       
      
        | FGF-23 (RU/mL)  | 
        484.1 ± 208.9 | 
        142.4 ± 87.6a | 
        55.3 ± 11.2a,b | 
        <0.001 | 
       
      
        | 1,25(OH)2D3
          (pg/mL) | 
        9.5 ± 1.8 | 
        17.6 ± 7a | 
        26.2 ± 3.4a,b | 
        <0.001 | 
       
      
        | HOMA-IR  | 
        3.7 ± 0.9  | 
        2.7 ± 1.9a | 
        0.9 ± 1.0a,b | 
        <0.001  | 
       
      
        | IL-6 (pg/mL) | 
        2.8 ± 0.4 | 
        2.6 ± 0.7 | 
        1.7 ± 0.7a,b | 
        <0.001  | 
       
      
        | OxLDL (U/L) | 
        76.6 ± 14.2 | 
        47.9 ± 17.4a | 
        27.7 ± 5.4a,b | 
        <0.001 | 
       
      
        | PP (mmHg) | 
        74.3 ± 12.1 | 
        47.6 ± 5.3 | 
        38.0 ± 9.6 a,b | 
        0.002  | 
       
      
        | LVMI (g/m2)  | 
        133.2 ± 18.4  | 
        109.5 ± 23.0a | 
        86.9 ± 13.8a,b | 
        <0.001  | 
       
      
        | IMT | 
        1.2 ± 0.2  | 
        1.03 ± 0.2  | 
        0.79 ± 0.7    a,b | 
        <0.001  | 
       
      
        | Hospitalization days |  
        12.4 ± 8.7 | 
        10.2 ± 16.5 | 
        1.8 ± 6.8    a,b | 
        <0.001  | 
       
     
    Results of post-hoc analysis: ap<0.05 vs. Group 1, b p<0.05 vs. Group 2 |