Condition Parmeters Predicted mean Observed mean Control group Cmax(ug/h) 1.59 1.8 (0.61) Tmax(hr) 2.49 3.0 (1.5–3.0) AUC0–inf h(ug/h/mL): 13.70 11.4 (3.6) AUC0–24 h(ug/h/mL) 13.59 11.1 (3.6) Post RYGB Cmax(ug/h) 2.3617 2.0 (0.86) Tmax(hr) 1.4067 3.0 (1.5–3.0) AUC0–inf h(ug/h/mL): 15.82 13.7 (6.0) AUC0–24 h(ug/h/mL) 15.75 13.4 (5.7) ★Data are means (SD) based on the experimental sample size 15.

Table 5: The observed and predicted Cmax, Tmax and AUC0–24 h after oral administration of 1000mg of metformin in the control and post RYGB (simulation resulted from model with increased the pore size, porosity and the absorptive surface area)