| |
Without biochemistry†
n=10,727 |
With biochemistry†‡
n=1,072 |
| |
N |
Odds Ratio |
P
(95% CI) |
N |
Odds Ratio |
P
(95% CI) |
| Cases |
370 (3%) |
|
|
44 (4%) |
|
|
| Risk factors |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Age |
|
1.027 |
0.001 (1.016-1.039) |
|
1.049 |
0.036 (1.003-1.098) |
| DM duration |
|
1.060 |
0.001 (1.043-1.077) |
|
1.138 |
0.001 (1.071-1.209) |
| AMI prior to DM |
157 |
36.004 |
0.001 (24.441-53.038) |
9 |
498.287 |
0.001 (34.367-7224.569) |
| Former stroke |
873 |
1.203 |
0.273 (0.864-1.675) |
104 |
0.633 |
0.462 (0.187-2.144) |
| Atrial fibrillation |
897 |
1.272 |
0.278 (0.823-1.966) |
117 |
1.039 |
0.959 (0.238-4.537) |
| Nephropathy |
569 |
1.062 |
0.784 (0.690-1.636) |
51 |
2.197 |
0.251 (0.573-8.423) |
| Neuropathy |
415 |
1.079 |
0.770 (0.649-1.793) |
34 |
2.799 |
0.128 (0.744-10.532) |
| Retinopathy |
226 |
0.894 |
0.739 (0.464-1.725) |
26 |
0.259 |
0.227 (0.029-2.319) |
| Peripheral artery disease |
545 |
1.506 |
0.034 (1.032-2.198) |
56 |
2.086 |
0.230 (0.628-6.924) |
| Heart failure |
582 |
2.083 |
0.001 (1.459-2.973) |
70 |
2.289 |
0.151 (0.740-7.084) |
| Male gender |
5,884 |
1.310 |
0.031 (1.025-1.676) |
534 |
1.443 |
0.417 (0.596-3.493) |
| Alcohol |
380 |
1.418 |
0.238 (0.794-2.533) |
45 |
0.741 |
0.807 (0.067-8.236) |
| Antidiabetic drugs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Insulin |
4,745 |
1.120 |
0.400 (0.860-1.459) |
423 |
0.235 |
0.015 (0.073-0.757) |
| Biguanides |
7,841 |
0.800 |
0.087 (0.619-1.033) |
425 |
0.473 |
0.112 (0.188-1.191) |
| β-cell stimulating |
4,050 |
1.130 |
0.348 (0.875-1.458) |
847 |
0.719 |
0.490 (0.286-1.836) |
| Glitazones |
144 |
0.643 |
0.541 (0.156-2.651) |
|
-* |
-* |
| DPP-4 inhibitors |
1,181 |
0.816 |
0.391 (0.512-1.299) |
109 |
0.914 |
0.908 (0.199-4.200) |
| GLP-1: Liraglutide |
1,600 |
0.386 |
0.001 (0.218-0.682) |
180 |
-* |
-* |
| GLP-1: Exenatide |
406 |
1.651 |
0.154(0.829-3.288) |
16 |
2.096 |
0.555 (0.180-24.409) |
| Bloodpressure |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Hypertension |
8,944 |
0.934 |
0.735 (0.631-1.384) |
936 |
1.282 |
0.751 (0.276-5.959) |
| Atrial fibrillation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Antiarrhythmic drugs |
838 |
0.968 |
0.883 (0.628-1.493) |
98 |
0.718 |
0.679 (0.149-3.451) |
| Cholesterol |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Statins |
8,375 |
0.900 |
0.474 (0.674-1.201) |
898 |
0.689 |
0.503 (0.232-2.047) |
DM = diabetes mellitus; n = amount; CI = confidence interval; Bold indicate significance
*Predicts failure perfectly and not included in the analysis
†Adjusted for: previous AMI, age, DM duration, gender, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, alcohol related diagnosis, nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, peripheral artery disease, usage of antiarrhythmic drugs, glitazones, vitamin K antagonists, heparin, pentasaccharides, argatroban, thrombocyte function inhibitors, acetylsalicylic acid, cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors, nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitors, buprenorphine, tramadol, oxycodone, morphine, codeine, fentanyl, pethidine, glucocorticoids, bisphosphonates, benzodiazepines, antipsychotics, antiepileptic drugs, statins, antidepressants, insulins, DPP-4 inhibitor, liraglutide, exenatide, biguanides, and β cell stimulants.
‡Adjusted for: LDL, HDL, total cholesterol, HbA1c, creatinine and triglycerides |
