| |
Plasma D-lactate tertiles |
|
| Lowest (n=171) |
Middle (n=171) |
Highest (n=171) |
P-value |
| Age, years |
59.2 ± 6.9 |
59.9 ± 7.1 |
59.1 ± 6.8 |
0.43 |
| Sex, % men |
57.3 |
66.1 |
64.9 |
0.19 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 |
27.3 ± 3.7 |
28.0 ± 4.1 |
30.0 ± 4.4 |
<0.001 |
| Waist circumference, cm |
95.5 ± 10.9 |
98.6 ± 11.2 |
103.5± 12.0 |
<0.001 |
| IGM, % |
23.4 |
20.5 |
25.1 |
0.58 |
| T2DM, % |
11.7 |
21.6 |
35.1 |
<0.001 |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L |
5.4 [5.0-5.8] |
5.6 [5.2-6.1] |
5.9 [5.4-7.1] |
<0.001 |
| HOMA2-IR |
0.9 [0.7-1.3] |
1.2 [0.9-1.6] |
1.4 [1.0-2.3] |
<0.001 |
| Plasma D-lactate, μmol/L |
5.5 [4.6-6.3] |
8.5 [7.8-9.7] |
14.5 [12.6-17.1] |
<0.001 |
| Plasma L-lactate, μmol/L |
922 [795-1054] |
1143[974-1315] |
1634 [1358-1884] |
<0.001 |
| HbA1C, % |
5.7 ± 0.7 |
5.9 ± 0.7 |
6.1 ± 0.8 |
<0.001 |
| Glucose-lowering medication, % |
5.3 |
9.4 |
17.0 |
0.002 |
| Prior CVD, % |
21.6 |
26.9 |
32.7 |
0.07 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L |
4.2 ± 1.3 |
4.8 ± 1.6 |
5.2 ± 1.7 |
<0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L |
1.1 [0.8-1.5] |
1.4 [1.0-1.9] |
1.8 [1.4-2.4] |
<0.001 |
| Lipid-lowering medication, % |
15.8 |
17.0 |
20.5 |
0.50 |
| Current smoker, % |
20.5 |
19.3 |
22.8 |
0.72 |
| Former smoker, % |
52.0 |
51.5 |
51.5 |
0.99 |
| BP-lowering medication, % |
28.7 |
38.0 |
46.2 |
0.004 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 |
90.5 ± 11.5 |
90.2 ± 12.6 |
93.8 ± 12.1 |
0.009 |
Data are presented as means ± SD, medians (interquartile range), or percentages, as appropriate; the ranges of the plasma D-lactate tertiles were [2.6-7.1], [7.1-10.7] and
[10.7-32.4] μmol/L respectively. IGM: impaired glucose metabolism; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; HOMA2-IR: homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance; HbA1C:
glycated hemoglobin; CVD: cardiovascular disease; BP: blood pressure; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate. |
