| |
No diabetes |
Diabetes, no insulin |
Diabetes, + insulin |
p values |
| |
n = 674 |
n = 289 |
n = 99 |
|
| Age, year, mean ± SD |
76.1 ± 8.7 |
73.8 ± 8.0 |
71.2 ± 7.6** |
<0.0001 |
| Female, n/total (%) |
525/674 (78%) |
208.289 (72%) |
74/99 (75%) |
N.S |
| African Americans, n/total (%) |
195/671 (29%) |
118/287 (41%) |
53/99 (54%) |
<0.0001 |
| High School Graduate and above, n/total (%) |
488/670 (73%) |
170/287 (59%) |
54/99 (55%) |
<0.0001 |
| ApoE4, n/total (%) |
154/671 (23%) |
63/286 (22%) |
28/98 (29%) |
N.S |
| BMI, Mean ± SD |
29.8 ± 7.8 |
34.0 ± 8.8 |
37.1 ± 9.6** |
<0.0001 |
| Cardiovascular disease, n/total (%) |
237/661 (36%) |
140/281 (50%) |
57/98 (58%) |
<0.0001 |
| Stroke, n/total (%) |
122/663 (18%) |
60/284 (28%) |
30/99 (30%) |
0.02 |
| Glucose, mg/L, mean ± SD |
97.7 ± 11.0 |
139.0 ± 46.7 |
142.4 ± 60.9 |
<0.0001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL, mean ± SD |
1.04 ± 1.03 |
1.06 ± 0.76 |
1.43 ± 1.19*** |
<0.0001 |
| Cholesterol, mg/dL, Mean ± SD |
189.5 ± 41.3 |
178.4 ± 43.2 |
169.3 ± 50.2* |
<0.0001 |
| LDL, mg/dL, mean ± SD |
110.7 ± 34.6 |
101.6 ± 36.0 |
96.9 ± 40.2 |
<0.0001 |
| HDL, mg/dL, mean ± SD |
52.5 ± 15.3 |
45.3 ± 12.4 |
42.5 ± 12.0* |
<0.0001 |
| CRP, mg/L, median (Q1, Q3) |
3.0 (1.2, 8.0) |
3.8 (1.6, 8.9) |
8.0 (2.7, 14.8)** |
<0.0001 |
| Diabetes status |
|
|
|
|
| Duration, n/total (%): |
- |
|
|
|
| <1 year |
|
22/240 (9.2%) |
0/99 (0%) |
<0.0001 |
| 1-4 years |
|
62/240 (25.8%) |
6/99 (6.1%) |
|
| 5-9 years |
|
62/240 (25.8%) |
18/99 (18.2%) |
|
| 10-20 years |
|
60/240 (25.0%) |
38/99 (38.4%) |
|
| >20 years |
|
34/240 (14.2%) |
37/99 (37.4%) |
|
| Metformin, n/total (%) |
- |
113/289 (39%) |
22/99 (22%) |
0.002 |
| Sulfonylureas, n/total (%) |
- |
151/289 (52%) |
10/99 (10%) |
<0.0001 |
| Glitazones, n/total (%) |
- |
28/289 (10%) |
8/99 (8%) |
N.S |
| Meglit, n/total (%) |
- |
3/289 (1%) |
1/99 (1%) |
N.S |
| Peptides |
|
|
|
|
| Insulin, pM/L, median (Q1, Q3) |
69.3 (41.5, 110.6) |
94.9 (62.4, 166.3) |
174.9 (112.9, 240.0)*** |
<0.0001 |
| Amylin, pM/dL, median (Q1, Q3) |
20.0 (11.0, 36.2) |
25.2 (13.2, 50.6) |
15.0 (4.9, 33.8)*** |
<0.0001 |
Subjects are divided into three subgroups: those who did not have diabetes, diabetics without insulin and with insulin treatment. Mean ± SD with ANOVA test or n/total with
Chi-Square test is used to describe the normal distributions and comparisons of age, diseases, kidney function assessed by the measurement of creatinine and the lipid
biomarkers across three subgroups. P values for the statistical significance are described.
Mean ± SD with T-test is used to describe the distributions and comparisons of continuous variables between two diabetic subgroups. P values for the statistical significance
are shown with *p<0.05; **p<0.001; ***p<0.0001
BMI=Body Mass Index; LDL=low density lipoprotein; HDL=high density lipoprotein; CRP=C-reactive protein |
