| |
No diabetes |
Diabetes, no insulin |
Diabetes, + insulin |
| |
n=674 |
n=289 |
n=99 |
| MMSE score, mean ± SD |
25.5 ± 3.4 |
24.8 ± 3.6** |
24.2 ± 4.0*** |
| Verbal fluency, mean ± SD |
28.6 ± 12.5 |
26.5 ± 12.3* |
25.0 ± 11.8** |
| Digit span, mean ± SD |
14.1 ± 3.8 |
13.5 ± 3.5* |
12.7 ± 3.4*** |
| WLL delayed recall, mean ± SD |
3.7 ± 2.9 |
3.5 ± 2.8 |
3.4 ± 2.7 |
| LM delayed recall, mean ± SD |
19.0 ± 9.8 |
17.4 ± 9.8* |
17.9 ± 9.4 |
| Trailmaking A, mean ± SD |
83.7 ± 57.4 |
89.1 ± 61.6 |
94.4 ± 62.5* |
| Trailmaking B, mean ± SD |
205.3 ± 84.3 |
214.7 ± 84.5 |
232.4 ± 76.8*** |
| Block design, mean ± SD |
20.7 ± 9.1 |
19.7 ± 9.3 |
17.9 ± 8.3** |
Subjects are divided into three subgroups: those who did not have diabetes, those who had diabetes without insulin treatment and those who had diabetes with insulin
treatment. Mean ± SD with T-test is used to describe the distributions and comparisons of test scores in each cognitive domain between those who did not have diabetes
and either diabetic subgroup. P values for the statistical significance are shown with *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001
WLL = Word learning list; LM = Logical memory |
