| Characteristics |
Control subjects |
T2DM subjects |
Male
N (%) |
Female
N (%) |
Total
N (%) |
P value |
Male
N (%) |
Female
N (%) |
Total
N (%) |
P value |
| Education Level |
Illiterate |
71 (7.8) |
85 (11.2) |
156 (9.4) |
.000 |
51 (5.4) |
100 (14.2) |
151 (9.1) |
.000 |
| Primary |
302 (33.2) |
161 (21.3) |
463 (27.8) |
211 (22.3) |
207 (29.4) |
418 (25.3) |
| Secondary |
162 (17.8) |
123 (16.3) |
285 (17.1) |
272 (28.7) |
171 (24.3) |
443 (26.8) |
| Technical |
44 (4.8) |
16 (2.1) |
60 (3.6) |
52 (5.5) |
23 (3.3) |
75 (4.5) |
| University degree |
332 (36.4) |
371 (49.1) |
703 (42.2) |
361 (38.1) |
203 (28.8) |
564 (34.2) |
| Economic status |
High Class |
56 (6.2) |
24 (3.2) |
80 (4.8) |
.001 |
142 (15.0) |
43 (6.1) |
185 (11.2) |
.000 |
| Middle Class |
680 (75.1) |
618 (82.1) |
1298 (78.2) |
691 (73.0) |
583 (82.8) |
1274 (77.2) |
| Low Class |
170 (18.8) |
111 (14.7) |
281 (16.9) |
113 (11.9) |
78 (11.1) |
191 (11.6) |
| Cooking Media used |
Refined oil |
304 (33.4) |
178 (23.5) |
482 (28.9) |
.000 |
284 (30.0) |
209 (29.7) |
493 (29.9) |
.022 |
| Dalda (Hydrogenated fat) |
66 (7.3) |
61 (8.1) |
127 (7.6) |
341 (36.0) |
207 (29.4) |
548 (33.2) |
| Mustard oil |
212 (23.3) |
132 (17.5) |
344 (20.6) |
114 (12.0) |
91 (12.9) |
205 (12.4) |
| Desi Ghee (Clarified Butter) |
30 (3.3) |
16 (2.1) |
46 (2.8) |
22 (2.3) |
14 (2.0) |
36 (2.2) |
| Olive oil |
11 (1.2) |
18 (2.4) |
29 (1.7) |
30 (3.2) |
28 (4.0) |
58 (3.5) |
| Mixed oil |
287 (31.5) |
351 (46.4) |
638 (38.3) |
156 (16.5) |
155 (22.0) |
311 (18.8) |
| Alcohol Consumption |
Teetotaler |
606 (66.5) |
747 (98.8) |
1353 (81.2) |
.000 |
613 (64.7) |
689 (97.9) |
1302 (78.9) |
.000 |
| Occasionally |
158 (17.3) |
8 (1.1) |
166 (10.0) |
149 (15.7) |
8 (1.1) |
157 (9.5) |
| Moderately |
47 (5.2) |
1 (0.1) |
48 (2.9) |
97 (10.2) |
3 (0.4) |
100 (6.1) |
| Heavy |
34 (3.7) |
0 (0.0) |
34 (2.0) |
64 (6.8) |
4 (0.6) |
68 (4.1) |
| Left Alcohol |
66 (7.2) |
0 (0.0) |
66 (4.0) |
24 (2.5) |
0 (0.0) |
24 (1.5) |
| Physical Activity |
Sedentary |
51 (5.6) |
68 (9.0) |
119 (7.1) |
.000 |
57 (6.0) |
67 (9.5) |
124 (7.5) |
.000 |
| Moderately active |
401 (44.0) |
516 (68.3) |
917 (55.0) |
577 (60.9) |
529 (75.1) |
1106 (67.0) |
| Very active |
459 (50.4) |
172 (22.8) |
631 (37.9) |
313 (33.1) |
108 (15.3) |
421 (25.5) |
| Family History of Diabetes |
None |
789 (86.6) |
568 (75.1) |
1357 (81.4) |
.000 |
391 (41.3) |
295 (41.9) |
686 (41.6) |
.045 |
| One Parent |
64 (7.0) |
118 (15.6) |
182 (10.9) |
94 (9.9) |
97 (13.8) |
191 (11.6) |
| Both Parents |
4 (0.4) |
7 (0.9) |
11 (0.7) |
16 (1.7) |
16 (2.3) |
32 (1.9) |
| Siblings affected (ASP) |
28 (3.1) |
37 (4.9) |
65 (3.9) |
176 (18.6) |
132 (18.8) |
308 (18.7) |
| One Parent + ASP |
21 (2.3) |
20 (2.6) |
41 (2.5) |
198 (20.9) |
112 (15.9) |
310 (18.8) |
| Both Parents +ASP |
5 (0.5) |
6 (0.8) |
11 (0.7) |
72 (7.6) |
52 (7.4) |
124 (7.5) |
|
