| Study |
Design |
Heart rate |
SBP |
DBP |
| DURATION trials of exenatide |
| Drucker 2008 (DURATION-1) [43] |
30-week study, monotherapy or adjunct to oral agents |
Not reported |
Exenatide QW: –4.7 mmHg
Exenatide BID: –3.4 mmHg |
Exenatide QW: –1.7 mmHg
Exenatide BID: –1.7 mmHg |
| Buse 2010 (DURATION-1 extension) [51] |
22-week extension of DURATION-1 study (52 weeks total), monotherapy or adjunct to oral agents; after initial 30 weeks, switch from exenatide BID to QW or continued exenatide QW |
Not reported |
Exenatide QW: –6.2 mmHg (p<0.05 vs. baseline)
Exenatide BID→QW:
–3.8 mmHg |
Exenatide QW: –2.8 mmHg
Exenatide BID→QW:
–1.8 mmHg |
| MacConell 2013 (DURATION-1 extension) [52] |
Extension of DURATION-1 study to 3 years (reported for completer population); all patients receiving exenatide QW after initial 30 weeks |
Not reported |
–2.14 mmHg |
–2.0 mmHg (p<0.05 vs. baseline) |
| Bergenstal 2010 (DURATION-2) [44] |
26-week study, adjunct to metformin |
Not reported |
Improvements in patients receiving exenatide QW and pioglitazone (exenatide QW p=0.0055 vs. sitagliptin) |
Changes did not differ significantly between groups |
| Diamant 2010 (DURATION-3) [45] |
26-week study, adjunct to oral agents |
Exenatide QW: +4.0 bpm (p<0.05 vs. baseline)
Insulin glargine: 0 bpm |
Exenatide QW: –3.0 mmHg (p<0.05 vs baseline)
Insulin glargine: –1.0 mmHg |
Exenatide QW: –1.0 mmHg
Insulin glargine: –1.0 mmHg |
| Diamant 2012 (DURATION-3 extension) [49] |
84-week study, adjunct to oral agents |
Exenatide QW: +1.97 bpm (p<0.05 vs. baseline)
Insulin glargine:
–0.79 bpm |
Exenatide QW: –4.2 mmHg (p<0.05 vs. baseline)
Insulin glargine: –0.8 mmHg |
Exenatide QW: –1.5 mmHg (p<0.05 vs baseline)
Insulin glargine: –1.4 mmHg (p<0.05 vs. baseline) |
| Diamant 2014 (DURATION-3 extension) [50] |
156-week study, adjunct to oral agents |
Exenatide QW: +2 bpm
Insulin glargine: –1 bpm |
Exenatide QW: –2 mmHg
Insulin glargine: +2 mmHg |
Exenatide QW: –2 mmHg
Insulin glargine: –2 mmHg |
| Russell-Jones 2012 (DURATION-4) [48] |
26-week study,monotherapy |
Exenatide QW: +1.5 bpm
Metformin: +0.3 bpm
Sitaglipin: +0.5 bpm
Pioglitazone: –1.7 bpm |
Exenatide QW: –1.3 mmHg
Pioglitazone: –1.7 mmHg
Sitagliptin: –1.8 mmHg |
Pioglitazone: –2.5 mmHg |
| Blevins 2011 (DURATION-5) [47] |
24-week study, monotherapy or adjunct to oral agents |
Exenatide QW: +4.1 bpm (p<0.05 vs. baseline)
Exenatide BID: +2.1 bpm (p<0.05 vs. baseline) |
Exenatide QW: –2.9 mmHg (p<0.05 vs. baseline)
Exenatide BID: –1.2 mmHg |
Exenatide QW: +0.2 mmHg
Exenatide BID: –0.1 mmHg |
| Buse 2013 (DURATION-6) [46] |
26-week study, adjunct to oral agents |
Not reported |
Exenatide QW: –2.48 mmHg (p<0.05 vs. baseline)
Liraglutide QD: –3.45 mmHg (p<0.05 vs. baseline) |
Exenatide QW: –0.49 mmHg
Liraglutide QD: –0.51 mmHg |
| LEAD studies of liraglutide |
| Marre 2009 (LEAD-1 SU) [58] |
26-week study, adjunct to sulfonylurea |
Liraglutide (3 doses): +2–4 bpm (all 3 doses p≤0.002 vs. placebo; 1.8 or 1.2 mg p<0.01 vs rosiglitazone)
Rosiglitazone: +1 bpm
Placebo:
–1 bpm |
Liraglutide (2 doses):
–2.6 to –2.8 mmHg
Rosiglitazone/placebo: –0.9 to –2.3 mmHg |
Across the 4 arms: –0.7 to –1.4 mmHg |
| Nauck 2009 (LEAD-2) [59] |
26-week study, adjunct to metformin |
Liraglutide (3 doses): +2–3 bpm (0.6 mg p=0.012, 1.2 mg p=0.024 vs. glimepiride)
Glimepiride: +1 bpm
Placebo: +1 bpm |
Liraglutide 0.6 mg: –0.6 mmHg
Liraglutide 1.2 mg: –2.8 mmHg (p=0.0128 vs. glimepiride)
Liraglutide 1.8 mg: –2.3 mmHg (p=0.0467 vs. glimepiride)
Glimepiride: +0.4 mmHg
Placebo: –1.8 mmHg |
Specific data not reported (qualitatively, there was no apparent change in DBP from baseline in any group) |
| Garber 2009 (LEAD-3 [Mono]) [57] |
52-week study, monotherapy |
Liraglutide 1.2 mg: +3.2 bpm (p=0.0027 vs. glimepiride)
Liraglutide 1.8 mg: +1.6 bpm
Glimepiride: +0.4 bpm |
Liraglutide 1.2 mg: –2.1 mmHg
Liraglutide 1.8 mg: –3.6 mmHg (p<0.0118 vs. glimepiride)
Glimepiride: –0.7 mmHg |
Specific data not reported (qualitatively, all groups had slight, nonsignificant DBP reductions) |
| Garber 2011 (LEAD-3 [Mono]) [56] |
1-year extension of LEAD-3, monotherapy |
Liraglutide 1.2 mg: +2.04 bpm
Liraglutide 1.8 mg: +0.92 bpm
Glimepiride: +0.67 bpm |
Liraglutide 1.2 mg:
–1.35 mmHg
Liraglutide 1.8 mg:
–2.37 mmHg
Glimepiride 8 mg:
–0.49 mmHg |
Liraglutide 1.2 mg: –0.58 mmHg
Liraglutide 1.8 mg: –0.81 mmHg
Glimepiride 8 mg: –0.44 mmHg |
| Russell-Jones 2009 (LEAD-5 [met+SU]) [60] |
26-week study, adjunct metformin and glimepiride |
Liraglutide 1.8 mg: +2.62 bpm (p=0.0006 vs. insulinglargine)
Insulin glargine: +0.08 bpm
Placebo: +0.93 bpm |
Liraglutide 1.8 mg: –4.0 mmHg (p=0.0001 vs. insulinglargine)
Insulinglargine: +0.54 mmHg
Placebo: –1.4 mmHg |
Specific data not reported; no significant difference in reductions between treatment groups |
| Buse 2009 (LEAD-6) [55] |
26-week study, adjunct to oral agents |
Liraglutide: +3.28 bpm(p=0.0012 vs. exenatide)
Exenatide: +0.69 bpm |
Liraglutide: –2.51 mmHg
Exenatide: –2.00 mmHg |
Liraglutide: –1.05 mmHg
Exenatide: –1.98 mmHg |
| Buse 2010 (LEAD-6) [54] |
14-week extension of LEAD-6, switch from exenatide BID to liraglutide 1.8 mg QD or continued liraglutide |
Not reported |
ExenatideàLiraglutide: –3.8 mmHg (p<0.0001 vs. Week 26)
Liraglutide: –2.2 mmHg (p=0.0128 vs. Week 26) |
Specific data not reported; no significant changes observed in either treatment group |
BID: twice daily; bpm: beats per minute; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; DURATION: Diabetes therapy Utilization: Researching changes in A1c, weight and other factors
Through Intervention with exenatide ONce weekly; LEAD: Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes; QD: once daily; QW: once weekly; SBP: systolic blood pressure.