diabetics with BPHn = 22 non-diabetics with BPHn = 21 Controls n = 24 Age (years) 65.4 ±1.9 68.8 ±2.2 61.5±3.2 Body weight (kg) 90.0 ±4.8 89.8 ±2.9 94.2 ±2.9 Height (cm) 174.0 ±1.6 174.9±0.9 179.6±1.7 BMI (kg/m2) 29.53 ±1.4 29.4 ±0.9 29.1 ±0.6 Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) 157.1 ±9.9b 98.1 ±2.1a 103.1 ±2.1 Total cholesterol (mg/dL) 188.6 ±11.9 146.7 ±7.4a 205.3 ±9.3 LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) 117.3 ±8.2 86.1 ±6.7a 132.5 ±7.6 HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) 44.1 ±2.0 41.0 ±2.0 46.2 ±1.5 Triglycerides (mg/dL) 136.5 ±19.6 98.6 ±6.7 133.2 ±12.3 Insulin (µlU/ml) 12.6 ±2.2 15.3 ±2.7 14.1±2.2 HbA1C (%) 8.9 ±0.5b 6.0 ±0.1a 5.8 ±0.1 Creatinine (mg/dL) 1.05 ±0.07 1.12 ±0.04 1.15±0.03

Data presented as mean ±standard error of mean, unpaired t- test was used to analyze differences between the two groups, diabetics with BPH vs. non-diabetics with BPH, p<0.05a; diabetics with BPH vs. controls, p<0.05b Abbreviations: BMI – body mass index, HDL – high-density lipoproteins, LDL – low-density lipoproteins

Table 1: Characteristics of study participants.