I. type 1Diabetes mellitus
A. Autoimmune
B. Idiopathic
II. type 2 Diabetes mellitus
Ranges from relative insulin deficiency to disorders
of insulin secretion and insulin resistance
III. Other specific types of diabetes mellitus
A. Genetic defects in β-cell function
1. Chromosome 12, HNF-1α (MODY 3)
2. Chromosome 7, glycosidase (MODY 2)
3. Chromosome 20, HNF-4α (MODY 1)
4. Mitochondrial DNA
5. Monogenic diabetes
B. Genetic defects in insulin action
1. Type A insulin resistance
2. Leprechaunism
3. Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome
4. Lipotrophic diabetes
C. Disease of the exocrine pancreas
1. Pancreatitis
2. Pancreatectomy/trauma
3. Neoplasia
4. Cystic fibrosis
5. Hemochromatosis
6. Fibrocalcificpancreatopathy
D. Endocrinopathies
1. Acromegaly
2. Cushing syndrome
3. Glucagonoma
4. Pheochromocytoma
5. Hyperthyroidism
6. Somatostatinoma
7. Aldosteronoma
i. Pharmacologically or chemically induced
1. Vacor
2. Pentamidine |
3. Nicotinic acid
4. Glucocorticoids
5. Thyroid hormones
6. Diazoxide
7. β-adrenergic agonists
8. Tiazides
9. Dilantin
10. α interferon
ii. Infections
1. Congenital rubeola
2. Cytomegalovirus
iii. Infrequent forms of autoimmune diabetes
1. Stiff-man syndrome)
2. Antibodies against insulin receptors
iv. Other syndromes occasionally associated with diabetes
1. Down syndrome
2. Klinefelter syndrome
3. Turner syndrome
4. Wolfram syndrome
5. Friedreich ataxia
6. Huntington’s chorea
7. Lawrence-Moon-Biedel syndrome
8. Myotonic dystrophy
9. Porphyria
10. Prader-Willi syndrome
IV. Gestational diabetes mellitus
Occurs in mostly in women during gestation. |
