| A) Non hypotonic hyponatremia |
| With increased Posm: Hyperglycemia - induced (dilutional) |
| With normal Posm: Pseudohyponatremia (marked hypertriglyceridemia and hyperproteinemia) |
|
| B) Hypotonic hyponatremia |
| • Hypovolemia-induced |
| • Drug –induced hyponatremia (mainly with thiazides and first generation sulphonylureas) |
| • Diabetes mellitus - associated hyponatremia |
| • Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis associated with coexisting disorders or administered drugs |
| • Chronic renal failure (diabetic nephropathy) or associated with the syndrome of hyporeninemichypoaldosteronism |
