| Participant characteristics |
All (n=67) |
Educational
(n=33) |
Yoga with Education
(n=34) |
P-value1 |
| Age in years (mean) |
58 (10) |
57 (11) |
59 (10) |
0.754 |
| Race (%) |
|
|
|
|
| Non-Hispanic White |
52 (78) |
26 (79) |
26 (77) |
0.357 |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
13 (19) |
7 (21) |
6 (18) |
|
| Hispanic |
2 (3) |
0 |
2 (6) |
|
| Sex (%) |
|
|
|
|
| Male |
34 (51) |
17 (52) |
16 (47) |
0.715 |
| Female |
33 (49) |
16 (49) |
18 (53) |
|
| Education |
|
|
|
|
| High school or less |
8 (12) |
4 (13) |
4 (12) |
0.326 |
| Some or 4 year college degree |
33 (51) |
19 (59) |
14 (42) |
|
| More than college degree |
24 (37) |
9 (28) |
15 (46) |
|
| Biometrics (mean, S.D.) |
|
|
|
|
| Weight (kg) |
100 (17) |
98 (17) |
103 (17) |
0.273 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) |
34 (6) |
33.5 (6.0) |
33.7 (6.0) |
0.217 |
| Waist Circumference (cm) |
111 (12) |
113 (13) |
109 (12) |
0.235 |
| Blood pressure (mm/Hg) |
|
|
|
|
| Systolic |
129 (13) |
130 (12) |
129 (15) |
0.723 |
| Diastolic |
76 (10) |
77 (9) |
76 (10) |
0.682 |
| Hypertension Medication (Yes, %) |
44 (66) |
23 (67) |
21 (63) |
0.730 |
| Laboratory Values (mean, S.D.) |
|
|
|
|
| Glucose (mg/dl) |
108 (16) |
108 (19) |
109 (12) |
0.333 |
| Insulin (mg/dl) |
15.1 (7.7) |
15.5 (8.7) |
14.1 (5.6) |
0.585 |
| HOMA-Insulin Resistance |
2.0 (1.0) |
2.1 (1.1) |
1.9 (0.7) |
0.581 |
| Lipids |
|
|
|
|
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dl) |
198 (36) |
192 (35) |
202 (37) |
0.192 |
| Low density lipoprotein (LDL, mg/dL) |
123 (29) |
118 (32) |
128 (27) |
.065 |
| High density lipoprotein (HDL (mg/dL) |
44 (10) |
42 (8) |
45 (11) |
.082 |
| Triglycerides (TG, mg/dL) |
150 (59) |
154 (58) |
142 (57) |
0.751 |
| Number of criteria for metabolic syndrome2 (%) |
|
|
|
0.513 |
| 1 |
5 (8) |
4 (12) |
1 (3) |
|
| 2 |
21 (32) |
10 (48) |
11 (33) |
|
| 3 |
17 (26) |
9 (53) |
8 (24) |
|
| 4 |
23 (35) |
10 (44) |
12 (39) |
|
| Energy intake ( kcal/day, mean, S.D.) |
1796 (678) |
1780 (708) |
1810(658) |
0.857 |
1P values derived from t test for continuous variables and chi squared tests for categorical variables
2Criteria for metabolic syndrome are: 1. elevated waist circumference (males > 102cm; females > 88cm); 2. impaired fasting glucose (100-125 mg/dl); 3. elevated blood pressure (systolic ≥130 and/or diastolic ≥ 85 mg Hg) or diagnosis of hypertension; 4. dyslipidemia (triglycerides ≥150 and/or HDL≤ 40 mg/dL for males; 50 for females). |
