| Reference |
No. of Subjects (males) |
Age (ys) |
Characteristics |
Intervention |
Outcome |
| HbA1c(%) |
Insulin doses/day |
|
- |
| Bussau et al. [113] |
7 T1D (7) |
21 ± 3.5 |
7.4 ± 0.8 |
NA |
40% VO2peak for 20 min on a cycle ergometer then immediately engaged in a maximal 10-s cycling sprint (sprint trial) or rested (control trial). [IA -, DA-]. [PP]. Exercise ~ 109 ± 10 min after insulin injection. |
- Moderate intensity resulted in a significant fall in glycaemia in both trials ( 3.6 mmol/L for sprint training, 3.1 mmol/L for moderate training).
|
| Guelfi et al. [110] |
7 T1D (4) |
21.6 ± 4 |
7.4 ± 1.5 |
14.8 ± 7.5 IU.day-1 |
30 min continuous cycling exercise at 40% VO2peak, interspersed with 16x 4-s maximal sprint efforts [IA -, DA-] compared to 30min continuous cycling at 40% VO2peak. [PP]. Exercise ~ 3.5h after insulin injection. |
- Glucose production = ↑ in MOD+HIE vs MOD
- Glucose utilization = ↓ MOD vs MOD+HIE
|
| Guelfi et al. [103] |
9 T1D (5) |
22.6 ± 5.7 |
7.7 ± 0.8 |
NA |
30 min continuous cycling exercise at 40% VO2peak, interspersed with 16x 4-s maximal sprint efforts. [IA/DA: euglycaemic clamp]. [PP]. |
- High-intensity bouts associated with MOD stimulate a more rapid and greater increment in endogenous glucose production during exercise than MOD alone
|
| Iscoe et al. [112] |
5 T1D (4) |
35.2 ± 3.0 |
7.0 ± 0.2 |
38.8 ± 5.1 IU.day-1 |
60 min exercise spinning class (high intensity). [IA-, DA-]. [PP]. |
- Blood glucose levels ↓ significant
|
| Iscoe & Riddell [115] |
11 T1D (5) |
35.1 ± 11.6 (18-51) |
7.8 ± 0.4 |
34 ± 5 IU.day-1 |
- 45 min of continuous moderate-intensity cycling exercise at 55% of their VO2peak (MOD) or continuous exercise at 50% of their VO2peak with the addition of 9x 15s bouts of 100% VO2peak, spaced 5 min apart (MOD + HIE). [IA+, DA+]. [PAS]. Exercise ~ 2h after insulin injection. |
- MOD and MOD+HIE causes similar reductions in glucose levels during activity
- Addition of HIE is associated with less risk for late onset post-exercise hypoglycaemia.
|
| Harmer et al. [119] |
7 T1D (5) |
25 ± 4 |
8.6 ± 2.3 →8.1 ± 1.6 |
52.4 ± 3.8 IU.day-1 → 51.2 ± 4.6 IU.day-1 |
7 weeks of sprint training, 3/wk: 4-10, 30s all out sprints, 3-4 min rest). [IA-, DA NA]. [PAS, PP, FS = NA]. |
- Glucose levels ↑ significant (pre/post training).
- HbA1c levels were not significant influenced.
|
*Data presented as mean ± SD; No. of Subjects (males) = total number of subjects and the number between brackets are the number of males; MOD: Moderate Intensity
Training; IHE/HIE: Intermittent High Intensity Exercise; NA: Not Applicable; IA: Insulin Advice before/after Exercise; DA: Dietary Advice before/during or after Exercise;
T1D: Type 1 Diabetes; [VP]: Venous Plasma Glucose; [V]: Venous Whole blood; [P]: Plasma; [C]: Capillary; [IS]: Interstitial Glucose Levels; [M]: Free Muscle Glucose;
↓: Decrease; [PAS]: Post Absorptive State (5-11h after last meal); [PP]: Post Prandial (during 4h after meal); [FS]: Fasting State (> 12h after meal); HbA