Inflammatory Marker* Normal Obesity Sepsis Exercise IL-6 <5 pg/ml [7,12,97,103-109] 1.5-38 pg/ml [105,106,110-113] 3.5-16000 pg/ml [114-116] ~100 fold elevation in resting concentration [6,16-18,97] TNF-α <3.5 pg/ml [12,16,103,106,116] 1.8-88 pg/ml [106,110,113] Undetectable-1000 pg/ml [117] ~2 fold elevation in resting concentration [6,16] IL-10 <3.0 pg/ml [103,109,118] 0.35-10 pg/ml [108,111,112,118] Undetectable-1700 pg/ml [119] ~8-27 fold elevation in resting concentration [6,16] CRP <10 mg/l [107] 1.3-8.5 mg/l [105,106,108,110,112] >10 mg/l [120] Up to 100 fold elevation in resting concentration [6,16,121] IL-6: Interleukin-6; TNF-α: Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha; IL-10: Interleukin-10; CRP: C Reactive Protein

Table 1: Plasma levels of inflammatory markers in humans under varying physiological and pathophysiological conditions.