Biomarkers Name Source of sample to assay biomarker DNA oxidation and damage 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), purine residue of DNA damaged by ROS Urine (marker of total systemic oxidative stress in vivo) Lipid peroxidation 8-isoprostane (8-IP) 8-iso-prostaglandin F2a (8-iso-PGF2). Prostaglandin-like compounds formed by FR- catalyzed peroxidation of AA.; Plasma and urine Malondialdehyde (MDA), product of UFA peroxidation Serum, plasma, blood erythrocytes and urine Protein damage Protein carbonyl groups, that result from free radical induced protein oxidation Blood erythrocytes arachidonic acid (AA); free radicals (FR); unsaturated fatty acids (UFA)

Table 2:Biomarkers of oxidative stress and the source of sample to assay.;