Parameter

Sludge

Soil

10 t ha-1

25  t ha-1

50  t ha-1

100 t ha-1

150  t ha-1

pH

9.2±0.34

6.8±0.27

7.3± 0.17

7.8± 0.38

8.47± 0.35

8.2± 0.31

8.2± 0.32

CEC

42.02± 1.56

22.64± 0.56

25.13± 0.82

28.35± 1.27

31.24± 2.69

38.67± 1.84

40.71± 1.56

Moisture

77± 2.12

70± 1.67

71± 1.62

72± 2.88

72± 3.43

74± 3.22

76± 3.71

Organic matter

25± 1.14

1.09± 0.03

3.09± 0.056

7.56± 0.31

13.26± 0.86

17.22± 0.75

19.09± 1.12

EC (mScm-1)

3.25± 0.13

1.55± 0.024

2.85±0.12

2.87± 0.15

2.93± 0.083

3.02± 0.12

3.17± 0.17

Phosphate

313± 10.06

65± 2.88

76± 3.27

103± 4.82

183± 6.92

232± 8.43

264± 8.46

Sulphate

273.34± 8.45

55.68± 1.53

88.67± 1.82

120± 4.33

178 .50± 6.45

211.36± 8.77

234 .22± 9.39

Phenol

422.82± 7.21

3.09± 0.21

34.78± 1.47

89.12± 3.56

215 .02± 8.82

322.45± 11.23

378 .87± 12.56

Total Nitrogen

512± 11.56

86.76± 2.34

103.34± 2.66

126.56± 5.38

212.32± 7.33

371.56± 13.08

434.68± 13.33

Amm. Nitrogen

16.2± 0.68

19.5± 0.84

17.07± 0.63

17.32±  0.52

16.22± 0.73

17.34± 0.5

17.96± 0.72

Sodium

68.45± 3.56

23.67± 0.82

29 .14 ± 0.85

34.44± 1.72

48.45± 2.18

59.44± 2.07

62.34± 3.42

Chloride

245± 8.46

96.72± 1.51

109.28± 3.57

133.33± 4.07

168.45± 8.89

211.14± 9.19

221.34± 9.44

Magnesium

22.76±1.49

9.48± 0.32

9.88± 0.48

11.2 ± 0.43

14.42± 0.77

17.22± 0.63

18.86± 0.42

Calcium

76.22± 2.62

11.55± 0.21

19.33± 0.64

22.34± 0.83

45.3± 2.21

62.12± 3.46

69.25± 3.28

Aluminum

13.6± 0.62

3.94± 0.27

4.34± 0.47

5.12±0.13

8.12± 0.34

10.88± 0.64

11.2± 0.82

Potassium

18.22± 0.81

0.39± 0.017

2.82± 0.13

5.44±0.21

8.55± 0.41

13.33± 0.88

15.77± 0.75

Cadmium

1.89± 0.03

0.06± 0.0021

0.32± 0.016

0.74±0.017

1.02± 0.042

1.38± 0.04

1.56± 0.037

Chromium

2.25± 0.08

0.89± 0.014

2.88± 0.065

2.89±0.054

2.92± 0.12

3.08± 0.07

3.16± 0.076

Copper

165.02± 6.62

2.25± 0.043

18.22± 0.78

34.77±1.05

62.88± 3.27

88.17± 4.77

104.12± 5.72

Iron

97.08± 4.38

3.73± 0.069

19.12± 0.67

31.12±1.65

54.34± 2.11

73.74± 3.38

79.44± 4.41

Manganese

102.73± 2.28

1.86± 0.047

12.66± 0.48

17.44±1.02

58.55± 1.94

62.55± 2.7

81.26± 3.88

Nickel

34.18± 1.23

4.11± 0.021

13.66± 0.63

17.59±0.82

20.33± 0.87

25.6± 1.34

29.12± 1.23

Zinc

167.46± 6.18

12.18± 0.15

18.65± 0.86

21.34±1.67

46.55± 2.24

51.61± 2.45

68.12± 2.88

Lead

22.18± 0.83

4.31± 0.062

8.86± 0.32

14.77±0.73

23.72± 1.28

22.44± 1.55

22.32± 1.08

Table 1: Physicochemical properties of soil, distillery sludge, and sludge amended soil (values represent mean n=3 ±SE). All values presented in mg kg-1 except electrical conductivity (mScm-1) and pH.