Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Control soil Natural attenuated soil Bioaugmented soil Naphthalene ND ND ND Acenaphthylene ND ND ND Acenaphthene 2.73  ±  0.26a 4.38  ±  0.23b 4.60  ±  0.09c Fluorene ND 0.78  ±  0.07b 1.42  ±  0.01c Phenanthrene 1.12  ±  0.04a 2.14  ±  0.28b 1.60  ±  0.20c Anthracene 1.69  ±  0.16a 3.63  ±  0.09bc 3.45  ±  0.12bc Fluoranthene 1.48  ±  0.02a 2.41  ±  0.15b 1.69  ±  0.03c Pyrene ND ND ND Benzo(α)anthracene 0.84  ±  0.04a 5.54  ±  0.10b 5.86  ±  0.15c Chrysene 1.85  ±  0.15a 2.03  ±  0.05b 1.23  ±  0.09c Benzo(β)fluoranthene 1.24  ±  0.06a 1.55  ±  0.12b 1.78  ±  0.39c Benzo(k)fluoranthene ND ND ND Benzo(α)pyrene 2.05  ±  0.06a 7.43  ±  0.09b 6.32  ±  0.10c Indeno (1,2,3)pyrene 1.06  ±  0.02a 5.97  ±  0.05b 5.25  ±  0.28c Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene 1.36  ±  0.03a 2.22  ±  0.09b 1.63  ±  0.04c Dibenz(a,h)anthracene 2.48  ±  0.47a 6.25  ±  0.06b 6.76  ±  0.69c Benzo(g,h,i)perylene ND ND ND

Values are Means ± standard deviations of triplicate determinations. Values in each row with different superscript letters differ significantly at 5% level.

Table 3: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content (mgkg-1) of Amarantus hybridus grown on crude oil post-remediated soil.