| PM inhalation |
Sources |
Deposition |
Organ affected directly |
How affected |
Organ affected indirectly |
| PM10, coarse particles |
Include crushing or grinding operations, and dust stirred up by vehicles traveling on roads. |
60 in upper respiratory tract; 20 bronchial tube |
Lungs |
Inflammation, oxidative stress, accelerated progression and exacerbation of COPD, increased respiratory symptoms, effected pulmonary reflexes reduced lung function |
Heart, blood, systemic inflammation oxidative stress |
PM2.5,
fine particles |
Include all types of combustion, including motor vehicles, power plants, residential wood burning, forest fires, agricultural burning, and some industrial processes. |
4 in upper respiratory tract; 7 bronchial tube; 10 fine pulmonary airways; 50 pulmonary alveolus |
Heart |
Altered cardiac autonomic function, increased dysrhythmic susceptibility, altered cardiac repolarization, increased myocardial ischemia |
Vasculature |
| Blood |
Altered rheology, increased coagulability, translocated particles, peripheral thrombosis, reduced oxygen saturation |
Brain, systemic inflammation oxidative stress |
| Systemic inflammation oxidative stress |
Increased CRP, proinflammatory mediators, leukocyte and platelet activation |
Heart, blood, vasculature |
| Vasculature |
Atherosclerosis, accelerated progression of and destabilization of plaques, endothelial dysfunction, vasoconstriction and Hypertension |
Heart, brain |
| Brain |
Increased cerebrovascular ischemia |
Vasculature, blood |
|
