Parameters Crop 1 Crop 2 Method
Arsenic (mg/L) <LQ <LQ SM21 3120 B
Barium (mg/L) 0.41 <LQ SM21 3120 B
Cadmium (mg/L) <LQ <LQ SM21 3120 B
Lead (mg/L) <LQ <LQ SM21 3120 B
Copper (mg/L) 0.35 0.76 SM21 3120 B
Chromium (mg/L) 0.04 3.56 SM21 3120 B
Total sulfur (mg/L) 1219 1681 SM21 3120 B
Mercury (mg/L) 0.0019 <LQ EPA 7470 A
Molybdenum (mg/L) 0,008 <LQ SM21 3120 B
Nickel (mg/L) 0.03 <LQ SM21 3120 B
Selenium (mg/L) <LQ <LQ SM21 3120 B
Zinc (mg/L) 1.66 <LQ SM21 3120 B
Ammonia NH3 (mg/L) <LQ <LQ USEPA 4405-55-001
Calcium (mg/L) 719 671 SM21 3120 B
Electrical conductivity (µS/cm) 13530 15110 SM21 2510 B
BOD (mg/L) 5046 7941 SM21 5210 B
COD (mg/L) 13380 25,225 SM21 5220 B
Hardness (mg CaCO3/L) 2493 276  
Total phosphate (mg/L) 1.3 207 SM21 4500-P C
Magnesium (mg/L) 237 264 SM21 3120 B
Nitrate (mg/L) 1.3 1.49 SM21 4500-NO2F
Nitrite (mg/L) 0.008 0.033 SM21 4500-NO2B
Ammoniacal nitrogen (mg/Kg) 276 - SM21 4500-H+B
Kjeldahl nitrogen (mg/Kg) 267 171 SM21 3120 B
pH (mg/L) 3.9 4.37 SM21 4500NORG 3
Potassium (mg/L) 2056 3401 SM21 3120 B
Sodium (mg/L) 50.2 114 SM21 3120 B
Sulfate (mg/L) 710 2993 SM21 4500 SO4 E
Non-filterable Residue (mg/L) 2765 1800 SM21 2540 D
Table 1: Physico-chemical analysis of raw vinasse.
LQ. limit of quantification; BOD. Biochemical Oxygen Demand; COD. Chemical Oxygen Demand; EPA. Environmental Protection Agency; SM21. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater 21:2005; USEPA. United States Environmental Protection Agency.