Variable Value Description
mp_physics 4  
sst_update 1 allow sea surface temperature update
ra_lw_physics 1 (longwave radiation) RRTM scheme. Spectral scheme K-distribution Look-up table fit to accurate calculations. Interacts with clouds Ozone/CO2 from climatology
ra_sw_physics 1 (short wave radiation) MM5 shortwave (Dudhia) Simple downward calculation. Clear-sky scattering. Water vapor absorption. Cloud albedo and absorption
radt 20 minutes between radiation physics calls
sf_sfclay_physics 1 (surface layer) Monin-Obukhov similarity theory. Taken from standard relations used in MM5 MRF PBL. Provides exchange coefficients to surface (land) scheme. Should be used with bl_pbl_physics=1 or 99.
sf_surface_physics 2 (land surface) Noah Land Surface Model: Unified NCEP/NCAR/AFWA scheme with soil temperature and moisture in four layers, fractional snow cover and frozen soil physics
bl_pbl_physics 1 (Planetary Boundary layer) Yonsei University scheme: Non-local-K scheme with explicit entrainment layer and parabolic K profile in unstable mixed layer.
bldt 0 minutes between boundary-layer physics calls. 0 = call every time step
cu_physics 1 (cumulus Parameterization) Kain-Fritsch scheme: Deep and shallow convection sub-grid scheme using a mass flux approach with downdrafts and CAPE removal time scale
cudt 5 minutes between cumulus physics calls
icloud 1 cloud effect to the optical depth in radiation
num_soil_layers 4 number of soil level or layer in WPS output
Table 1: Parameterizations used in WRF simulations for this study. For further information please see http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/docs/wrf-phy.html#physics_scheme