S. No. Type of Gaps Dairy Food grain milling Fruit & Vegetable Meat & Poultry Fish and marine products
1 Production Inadequate knowledge of ways of maintaining the quality of produce. Inadequate knowledge of breeds, feeding, disease control, and poor knowledge of hygiene maintainenace and management practices. Inadequate knowledge of latest / best farming practices because of lack of training /access to other information sources. Inadequate knowledge of percentage increase in value with minimal value addition to Produce. Lack of knowledge of grading and standardization of food grains. Inadequate understanding of ways to minimize breakage of grains. Inadequate / restrictive motivational skills Inadequate documentation Skills / not conversant with e-reporting / working on computers. Inadequate knowledge of operations resulting in wastage Inadequate consistency in Operations due to inadequate understanding of immediate or long term impacts. Tendency to change jobs frequently, leading to a high attrition rate and consequently lower quality of work and lower productivity. Inadequate knowledge of fish breeding and rearing processes. Inadequate sensitivity to environmental issues, thus leading to poor hygienic conditions
2 Testing Inadequate ability to practically conduct tests and record results, no knowledge of correct sampling methods. Inadequate practical expertise in conducting tests. The field needs Visual examination skills for faster segregation and checking of input/output and ability to record the results as they are observed and reporting non adherence to standards. Inadequate ability to apply technical expertise and Procedural knowledge in actual work situations, especially at the entry level. Inadequate ability to conduct tests and record results. Inadequate technical knowledge for primary medication in case of disease/ medication. Inadequate technical knowledge about the new machines and the associated aspects of maintenance.
3 Procurement Inadequate ability to forecast demand. Inadequate communication skills, especially in local language because of diverse dialects Poor knowledge of making milk by-products, and inability to increase their shelf life. Inadequate ability to forecast the demand accurately. Inadequate training skills for encouraging the producers for better productivity and quality. Inadequate ability to follow rules of marking gunny bags. Inadequate knowledge and ability to educate farmers on demand, advice on farming and wastage reduction. Inadequate communication skills to be able to motivate farmers for better quality and higher productivity. Inadequate awareness of prevention care techniques.  
Table 9: Skill gaps present in various segments of food processing industry [21].