Pre-treatment Method |
Harvesting periods (months) |
White cultivar |
Yellow cultivar |
Water absorption capacity (ml H2O/g) |
Solubility (%) |
Water absorption capacity (ml H2O/g) |
Solubility (%) |
Untreated |
7 |
2.53 ± 0.04h |
4.95 ± 0.01abcd |
2.21 ± 0.01f |
4.75 ± 0.04e |
8 |
2.51 ± 0.01h |
4.83 ± 0.03abcde |
2.21 ± 0.01f |
4.66 ± 0.01ef |
9 |
2.42 ± 0.02h |
4.69 ± 0.01abcde |
2.11 ± 0.18fg |
4.51 ± 0.08fg |
10 |
2.39 ± 0.02hi |
4.76 ± 0.06abcde |
1.89 ± 0.02gh |
4.53 ± 0.01fg |
11 |
1.87 ± 0.04m |
4.43 ± 0.03cde |
1.47 ± 0.05i |
3.52 ± 0.08j |
Soaking (ambient temperature) |
7 |
2.25 ± 0.07ij |
4.34 ± 0.06cde |
2.20 ± 0.01f |
5.52 ± 0.04b |
8 |
2.1 ± 0.01kl |
4.79 ± 0.04abcde |
2.19 ± 0.01f |
4.27 ± 0.06h |
9 |
2.22 ± 0.02jk |
4.62 ± 0.01abcde |
2.10 ± 0.01fg |
4.35 ± 0.06gh |
10 |
2.74 ± 0.05g |
4.21 ± 0.02cde |
2.16 ± 0.06f |
5.07 ± 0.09cd |
11 |
2.01 ± 0.01l |
4.20 ± 0.02cde |
1.66 ± 0.04hi |
4.08 ± 0.03i |
Soaking (60°C) |
7 |
2.12 ± 0.02jkl |
3.96 ± 0.06de |
2.21 ± 0.01f |
3.48 ± 0.01j |
8 |
2.03 ± 0.04l |
4.57 ± 0.46bcde |
2.14 ± 0.05f |
3.43 ± 0.01j |
9 |
2.92 ± 0.01f |
4.05 ± 0.03cde |
2.73 ± 0.04e |
3.57 ± 0.04j |
10 |
3.13 ± 0.04e |
4.06 ± 0.01cde |
2.84 ± 0.06e |
4.29 ± 0.03h |
11 |
3.40 ± 0.05c |
3.49 ± 0.06e |
3.13 ± 0.04d |
4.04 ± 0.06i |
Parboiled |
7 |
3.69 ± 0.01c |
5.96 ± 0.06a |
4.12 ± 0.03a |
5.74 ± 0.05a |
8 |
3.18 ± 0.04e |
5.81 ± 0.28ab |
4.14 ± 0.06a |
5.63 ± 0.04ab |
9 |
4.23 ± 0.04b |
5.36 ± 0.03abc |
3.79 ± 0.13bc |
5.09 ± 0.09cd |
10 |
4.52 ± 0.02a |
5.05 ± 0.06abcd |
4.03 ± 0.04ab |
5.24 ± 0.04c |
11 |
3.26 ± 0.06de |
5.06 ± 0.09abcd |
3.72 ± 0.05c |
5.01 ± 0.01d |
Values with the same superscript down the column were not significant different (p < 0.05) |