Pre-treatment Method |
Harvesting periods (months) |
Temperature (°C) |
60 |
70 |
80 |
90 |
Untreated |
7 |
1.75 ± 0.04gh |
1.83 ± 0.04de |
5.66 ± 0.06d |
9.00 ± 0.01e |
8 |
2.46 ± 0.09cd |
2.66 ± 0.06b |
4.52 ± 0.11f |
9.07 ± 0.08de |
9 |
1.46 ± 0.09i |
1.79 ± 0.15de |
5.81 ± 0.10cd |
10.33 ± 0.04a |
10 |
2.28 ± 0.35de |
2.19 ± 0.18bcd |
1.99 ± 0.01l |
10.26 ± 0.03ab |
11 |
1.38 ± 0.06i |
1.94 ± 0.08cde |
1.93 ± 0.01l |
9.38 ± 0.11cd |
Soaking (ambient temperature) |
7 |
2.27 ± 0.10de |
1.85 ± 0.06de |
4.88 ± 0.11e |
7.52 ± 0.21hi |
8 |
2.21 ± 0.08f |
1.88 ± 0.01de |
4.16 ± 0.09g |
7.82 ± 0.09gh |
9 |
1.47 ± 0.05hi |
1.63 ± 0.04e |
6.56 ± 0.08b |
5.12 ± 0.13k |
10 |
2.10 ± 0.12def |
1.71 ± 0.11de |
2.68 ± 0.07i |
9.09 ± 0.02de |
11 |
1.89 ± 0.04fg |
1.81 ± 0.01de |
3.17 ± 0.08h |
9.96 ± 0.04b |
Soaking (60°C) |
7 |
2.28 ± 0.03cde |
1.79 ± 0.01de |
4.90 ± 0.02e |
8.39 ± 0.06f |
8 |
1.87 ± 0.05fg |
1.71 ± 0.01de |
2.13 ± 0.04kl |
8.09 ± 0.02fg |
9 |
2.28 ± 0.04de |
1.88 ± 0.03de |
3.93 ± 0.02g |
6.40 ± 0.11j |
10 |
2.64 ± 0.05c |
2.39 ± 0.01bc |
2.37 ± 0.05jk |
9.48 ± 0.04c |
11 |
2.00 ± 0.01efg |
2.61 ± 0.12b |
2.56 ± 0.08ij |
10.44 ± 0.01a |
Parboiled |
7 |
6.57 ± 0.05a |
6.58 ± 0.11a |
6.77 ± 0.03b |
6.43 ± 0.01j |
8 |
6.53 ± 0.10a |
6.10 ± 0.15a |
5.95 ± 0.01c |
6.17 ± 0.05j |
9 |
5.92 ± 0.06b |
6.18 ± 0.06a |
6.51 ± 0.09b |
6.48 ± 0.11j |
10 |
5.81 ± 0.25b |
6.53 ± 0.40a |
6.79 ± 0.11b |
7.71 ± 0.09hi |
11 |
5.79 ± 0.11b |
6.54 ± 0.06a |
7.12 ± 0.04a |
7.43 ± 0.10i |
Values with the same superscript down the column were not significant different (p < 0.05) |