Type of Disease Treatment   Well differentiated Tumours Variety of biotherapeutic regimens (eg. Octreotide, lanreotide± IFN α)   Poorly Differentiated Tumours Chemotherapy   Primary Tumours Duodenal tumour <1cm Duodenal tumour ≥2cm Jejunal/ileal tumour Jejunal/ileal tumour >2cm/multiple Appendiceal tumour <1cm 1-2cm appendiceal tumour without evidence of local invasion, or tumour at base of appendix Appendiceal tumour >2cm; Cecal involvement Sigmoid tumour Rectal tumour <1cm Rectal tumour 1-2cm Rectal tumour >2cm Definitive treatment with surgical resection Local excision Pancreatoduodenectomy or segmental resection Wide excision of bowel and adjacent mesentery (Distal ileocolectomy to adequately remove lymphatic drainage) Careful search for 2nd primaries/multiple tumours, metastatic liver disease Wide resection, excising all areas of lymph node drainage Appendectomy Appendectomy Righthemicolectomy Anterior resection +/- colostomy Biopsy & if muscular invasion APR/LAR Complete transanal excision, regularproctoscopic examinations Low anterialrection / abdominoperineal resection   Presence of Distant Metastasis Resectable Unresectable Single liver metastases Multiple liver metastases   Surgery Medical treatment +/- Surgical debulkment Hepactectomy Hepactectomy to debulk Somatostatin analogue prior to hepatic artery embolisation/ligation ± 5FU to prevent carcinoid crisis Systematic chemotherapy

Table 3: Treatment summary of the available literature.