Gluten Free Diet (n=130) Non-Gluten Free diet (n=1976) P value
Age 38.1 (SD ±14.5) 38.2 (SD ±15.6) 0.9
Gender     <0.005
Male 16 (12.3%) 671 (34.1%)  
Female 114 (87.7%) 1296 (65.9%)  
Ethnicity     0.01
NZ European/Pakeha 117 (90.0%) 1512 (77.0%) <0.05
Maori 2 (1.5%) 56 (2.9%) 0.06
Pacific people 0 (0.0%) 22 (1.1%) -
Asian1 0 (0.0%) 168 (8.6%) -
MELAA2 1 (0.8%) 19 (1%) 0.02
Other 10 (7.7%) 187 (9.5%) 0.04
Income     0.08
Zero income 4 (3.0%) 120 (6.2%)  
$1-$10000 28 (21.5%) 411 (21.1%)  
$10001-$50000 38 (28.9%) 451 (23.1%)  
$50001-$100000 47 (36.2%) 628 (32.2%)  
$100001 or more 13 (10.0%) 339 (17.4%)  
Maximum education level     0.2
No secondary or tertiary qualifications 1 (0.8%) 23 (1.2%)  
Secondary school qualification3 35 (26.9%) 580 (29.9%)  
Diploma 13 (10.0%) 120 (6.2%)  
Bachelor's degree 24 (18.5%) 442 (22.7)  
Master's degree 23 (17.7%) 226 (11.6%)  
PhD 24 (18.5%) 400 (20.6%)  
Other 10 (7.7%) 152 (7.8%)  
Table 2: Gluten Free Diet vs Non-Gluten Free Diet followers baseline characteristics; 1Including south-east Asian, Indian; 2Middle eastern, Latin American, African; 3Including NZ school certificate, NCEA Level 2/3