Open Operations Year Type Design Amato et al.[40] 1991 Open Retrospective Bisset et al. [41] 2000 Open Retrospective Bokey et al. [21] 1999 Open Retrospective Bonadeo et al. [42] 2001 Open Retrospective Cecil et al. [43] 2004 Open Prospective Dehni et al. [44] 2003 Open Retrospective Enker et al. [17] 1995 Open Retrospective Ferulano et al. [45] 2000 Open Prospective Havenga et al. [46] 1999 Open Retrospective Jatzko et al. [47] 1999 Open Retrospective Kapiteijn et al. [48] 1998 Open Retrospective Kapiteijn et al. [49] 2001 Open Retrospective Killingback et al. [50] 2001 Open Retrospective Lavery et al. [51] 1997 Open Retrospective Law et al. [52] 2002 Open Retrospective Manfredi et al. [53] 2001 Open Retrospective Morino et al. [54] 2005 Open Prospective Nesbakken et al. [55] 2002 Open Retrospective Park et al. [56] 2009 Open Prospective Paty et al. [57] 1994 Open Retrospective Read et al. [58] 2001 Open Retrospective Ross et al. [59] 1999 Open Retrospective Rubbini et al. [60] 1990 Open Prospective Rullier et al. [61] 1997 Open Retrospective Sauer et al. [62] 2002 Open Retrospective Stockholm Rectal Cancer Study Group[63] 1990 Open Randomised Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial. [64] 1997 Open Randomised van Lingen et al. [65] 2003 Open Retrospective Wibe et al. [66] 2002 Open Retrospective Zaheer et al. [20] 1998 Open Retrospective Total no      30 Laparoscopic Operations Year Type Design Park et al. [56] 2009 Lap Prospective Ng et al. [67] 2009 Lap Retrospective Fukunaga et al. [68] 2010 Lap Retrospective Tsang et al. [69] 2006 Lap Prospective Morino et al. [70] 2003 Lap Prospective Morino et al. [54] 2005 Lap Prospective Pugliese et al. [71] 2008 Lap Retrospective Anthuber et al. [72] 2002 Lap Retrospective Poulin et al. [73] 2002 Lap Prospective Agha et al. [74] 2008 Lap Retrospective Total no      10

Table 6: Design of laparoscopic operations.