Agent/procedure Mechanism of action Registration No. /Reference Status Semapimod (CNI-1493) nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor NCT00739986; Completed NCT00038766 Terminated NCT00740103 Completed Extracorporeal Photoimmune Therapy unknown NCT00221026 Completed Celegne (CC-5013) thalidromid derivate NCT00446433 Completed CP-461 cyclic GMP inhibitor NCT00042055 Completed ITF2357 histone deacylate inhibitor NCT00792740 Terminated HMPL-004 inhibiting T-cell proliferation and TH1/TH17 responses NCT00655733 Completed Daikenchuto (Japanese herbal medicine) activating nicotinic acetylcholine receptors NCT01388933 Terminated OPC-6535; a superoxide anion production inhibitor NCT00092508 Completed ERB-041 selective estrogen receptor antagonist NCT00245947 Completed Bupropion antidepressant NCT00126373 Completed EPANOVAÒ omega 3 fatty acid NCT00613197 Completed RR110 interact between G-quadruplexes and small-molecule ligands NCT00417391 Completed ALX-0600 glucagon-like peptide analogue NCT00308438 Completed VSL3# probiotic NCT00114465 Completed NCT00367705  Unknown  Naltrexon opiate receptor antagonist NCT00715117; [82] Completed NCT00663117; [83] Completed Adacolum leukocyte pheresis NCT00162942; [84] Completed Hyperbaric oxygen therapy   NCT01828190 Ongoing Rifabutin; Clarithromycin; and Clofazimine antibiotic regimen directed against Mycobacterium aviumparatuberculosis NCT00513552 Unknown Cannabis not known NCT01826188 Ongoing NCT01040910 Unknown Acupuncture and Moxibustion not known NCT01696838 Invited participants Fecalmicrobiota transplantation gut flora modification NCT01793831 Ongoing NCT02108821 Ongoing NCT01757964 Ongoing Extracorporeal Photopheresis not known NCT00056355 Completed Tripterygium Glycoside chinese herbal medicine NCT02044952 Ongoing Halevy Kit biological adhesive for fistulas NCT00653094 Unknown Nitazoxanide antiprotozoal agent NCT00130390 Terminated AST-120 spherical carbon adsorbent NCT00321412; [85] Completed Laquinimod immunemodulator NCT00737932 Completed Teniasuis ova modulating Th2 activity NCT01576471 ongoing Rifaximin antibiotic NCT00603616 Unknown Vitamin D modulating the immune response NCT02010762 Ongoing NCT00672763 Withdrawn Chondroitin sulphate nutritional supplements aiming protect cartilages NCT01245088 Withdrawn glatiramer acetate random polymer of four amino acids: glutamic acid; lysine; alanine; and tyrosine; may work as a decoy for the immune system NCT00731172 Unknown Beta Carotene anti-oxidant NCT00275418 Unknown Atorvastatin decreasing chemokine expression NCT00454545; [86] Completed Clarithromycin antibiotics NCT00269386 Completed T2 chloroform/methanol extract of Tripterygiumwilfordii hook NCT01015391 Ongoing Mare’s milk unknown NCT00940576 Completed pectin modifying intestinal colonisation NCT02016469 Ongoing

Table 1: Ongoing and recently completed clinical trials in inflammatory bowel diseases. (Results of completed trials are highlighted in the text, results of other completed trials has not been published until the close of this review).