Control High-risk T1DM*         Ethnic group n MAF (%) n MAF (%) OR 95%CI P value 1st panel Japanese 263 (5.1) 124 (1.2) 0.23 0.08-0.71 0.001 2nd panel Japanese 346 (5.1) 507 (3.0) 0.57 0.35-0.94 0.026 3rd panel Caucasian 223 (5.6) 159 (6.6) 1.18 0.67-2.08 0.57 Summary   832 (5.2) 829 (3.6) 0.67 0.47-0.94 0.022 P value for heterogeneity: p< 0.03 *High-risk type 1 diabetes: INS-VNTRclass I / I at IDDM2 locus, MAF: minor allele frequency, OR: Odds ratio

Table 8: Meta-analysis of association studies of MAFA Gly346Cys with susceptibility to high-risk type 1 diabetes in Japanese and Caucasian populations.