HCV HBV
Viral components modulating host responses Viral RNA,Core NS5A, NS3,NS4B(Ref 27, 28) Viral dsDNA,I-IBX, I-IBsAg, I-lBeAg (Ref 72-75, 77, 110)
Altered host pathways RIG, MAPK, JNK, Wnt/B-catenin, Akt/mTOR, JAK-STAT, (Ref 23, 25)   JNK, Pyk2, MAPK, Wnt, Ras, P13K/Akt, c-Raf-1/Erk2(Ref 3l, 34, 77, 85)
Key up-regulated molecules   TGF-b, TNF-a, AP1,STAT3, c-jun,NFҝB,TRIP, IRF-3/IRF-7, ISGs,(Ref 24, 25, 49, 66) AP1,NF-AT,NFҝB, Erb2, SOCS3, ISGs(Ref 30, 34)
miRNAs   ↑   miR-449a, miR-107, miR-155, miR146a ↓ 
miR-l25b(Ref 5, 49)
↑     miR-155, miR-210 ↓miR-29 family(Ref 50, 51)
Table 1: HCV/HBV components effecting various pathways, molecules and miRNAs which indirectly or directly are implicated in inflammation.