Sample Yield of extract (%) Total phenolics
(mg GAE/g ext.)
Phenolics/Yield of
extract (%)
Natural fermentation      
CNF1 12.22 ± 0.30b 27.67 ± 1.41c 2.77 ± 0.14c
TNMX 17.97 ± 0.85a 37.29 ± 1.00a 3.73 ± 0.10a
Pure culture fermentation      
CNF2 12.63 ± 1.93b 29.03 ± 0.14c 2.90 ± 0.01c
TNB51 16.53 ± 0.29a 35.18 ± 1.03b 3.52 ± 0.10b
*Data are means ± S.D. of triplicate measurements. Means in the same column with different letters were significantly different (P<0.05).
**CNF1, CNF2 = Cooked non-fermented soybeans prepared by boiling and autoclaving, respectively; TNMX, TNB51 = thua nao fermented by naturally occurring bacteria and B. subtilis TN51.
Table 1: Yield (%) and total phenolics (mg GAE/g extract) of methanolic extracts of cooked non-fermented soybeans (CNF) and thua nao.