Leaf Surface Incubation times (h)   SED T  S P T S 1 2 4 8 Abaxial 40.6 49.7 52.8 65.9 3.61 2.55 <0.01 <0.001 Adaxial 74.2 78.4 80.1 77.1         T, effect of incubation time; S, effect of leaf surface. SED, standard error of the difference of the means, where n= 10 (no. of frames per time point)

Table 5: Percentage biofilm coverage on perennial ryegrass adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces following incubation under in vitro rumen-like conditions.