Nucleotide form Dose and/or feeding regime Length of administration Species Initial size Effecta Authors Ascogen S 2 and 5 g kg−1 diet 16 weeks Hybrid tilapia 21 days old ↑growth and survival [267] Ascogen P 5 g kg−1 diet, fixed ration approaching satiation daily 7 weeks Hybrid striped bass 7.1; 9.1 g ↑ neutrophil oxidative radical production and survival after challenge with S. iniae [268-269] Ascogen 5 g kg−1 diet 120 days Hybrid tilapia 30 days old ↑ antibody titer after vaccination and mitogenic response of lymphocyte [270]   0.62, 2.5 and 5 g kg−1 diet at 1% bw day−1 37 days Rainbow trout 163.4–169.7 g fish−1 ↑ growth [134] Nucleic acid 5.8 and 11.5 % 10 weeks Sea bream 12.7 g ↑ growth, ornithine carbamyltransferase activity → body composition, hepatic glutamate dehydrogenase and uricase activities [203] Optimûn 2 g kg−1 diet, containing 0.03% NT, 2% bw day−1 3 weeks Rainbow trout 217 ± 62 g ↑ survival after challenge with V. anguillarum [5]   2 g kg−1 diet, containing 0.03% NT, 1% bw day−1 2 weeks Rainbow trout 53–55 g ↑ survival after challenge with infectious salmon anaemia virus [5]   2 g kg−1 diet, containing 0.03% NT, 2% bw day−1 3 weeks Coho salmon 100 g ↑ survival after challenge with Piscirickettsia salmonis [5]   2 g kg−1 diet, containing 0.03% NT, 2% bw day−1 3 weeks Atlantic salmon 60 g ↓ sea lice infection [5]   2 g kg−1 diet, containing 0.03% NT at 1.5% bw day−1 3 weeks before vaccination and 5 weeks post-vaccination Atlantic salmon 34.7 ± 9.6 g ↑ antibody titer ↓ mortality [6]   2 g kg−1 diet, containing 0.03% NT at 1.5% bw day−1 8 weeks Atlantic salmon 43 ± 3.0 g ↑ growth ↓ plasma chloride [6]   2 g kg−1 diet, containing 0.03% NT 10 weeks Atlantic salmon 205 g ↑ intestinal fold [6]   NA 120 days “all-female” rainbow trout 80–100 g ↑ B lymphocytes and resistance to IPN virus ↓ plasma cortisol [271]   2 g kg−1 diet, containing 0.03% NT to hand satiation daily 15 weeks Turbot 120.9 ± 5.1 g Altered immunogene expression in various tissues [7]   2 g kg−1 diet 6 weeks Red drum 1 g → Growth, whole body composition and in situ challenge with Amyloodinium ocellatum [126] Ribonuclease-digested yeast RNA 15 mg fish−1, by intubation 3 days Common carp 100 g ↑ phagocytosis, respiratory burst, complement and lysozyme ↓ A. hydrophila    infection [273] Aquagen Oral 2 weeks Shark 1.4 ± 0.2 g ↑ resistance after  challenge with S. iniae [260] Nucleotide mixture 4 g kg−1 diet 5 weeks Pacific white shrimp ca. 0.83 g ↑ growth [274]   4 g kg−1 diet 4 weeks Red drum 10.2 ± 0.2 g ↑ growth, neutrophil oxidative radical production and survival after challenge with V. harveyi [275] a - symbols represent an increase (↑), decrease (↓) or no change (→) in the specified response.

Table 4: Research on dietary supplementation of nucleotides on fishes.