Figure 1: Suboptimal or excess nutrition in pregnancy induce inflammatory responses in the gestational (fetal) membranes that may promote less skeletal mass and more fat mass formation in the offspring; eventually predisposing the offspring to high risk for insulin resistance, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) at later stage in life. LPL (Placental Lipoprotein Lipase); MCP1 (Monocyte Chemoatractant Protein 1)