| Study (country)* |
Content |
| Natural sugars (carbohydrates) |
| 20(Turkey) |
Fructose 32.2 g/kg, glucose 24.3 g/kg, 9.1 g/kg sucrose |
| 21(Turkey) |
Total soluble sugars 9.68-11.66%, |
| 22(Serbia) |
Glucose 38.3 ± 1.33 mg/g, fructose 31.5 ± 1.14 mg/g, sucrose 6.9 ± 0.53 mg/g, citric acid 0.15 ± 0.01 mg/g, 0.08 ± 0.01 mg/g |
| Total fats and fatty acids |
| 23(Turkey) |
% lipid 0.40-0.63%, C14:0 nd-0.33%, C16:0 4.93-9.14%, C18:0 nd-1.18%, total saturated fatty acids 5.97-9.73%, C16:1 0.54-1.47%, C18:1 10.78-14.60%, C20:1 0.19-0.45%, C24:1 nd-0.17%, total monounsaturated fatty acids 12.09-15.82%, C18:2 42.18-52.61%, C18:3 18.40-24.10%, C20:3 0.72-1.69%, total polyunsaturated fatty acids 66.99-75.91% |
| Protein |
| 24(Austria) |
Protein 0.15-1.00 mg/mL |
| Minerals |
|
| 25(Hungary) |
Aluminium 1.02-1.17 mg/100 g, Boron 0.16-0.21 mg/100 g, Barium 0.03-0.06 mg/100 g, Calcium 29.88-39.90 mg/100 g, Copper 0.09-0.11 mg/100 g, Iron 0.52-0.62 mg/100 g, Potassium 153.42-171.84 mg/100 g, Magnesium 17.56-22.17 mg/100 g, Manganese 0.16-0.28 mg/100 g, Sodium 3.86-5.06 mg/100 g, Phosphorus 29.18-35.06 mg/100 g, Zinc 0.27-0.29 mg/100 g |
| Vitamins |
|
| 26(Sweden) |
Folate 46 mg/100 g |
| 27(Belgium) |
Alpha-tocopherol 4.3 mg/kg, delta-tocopherol 5.1 mg/kg, gamma-tocopherol 5.8 mg/kg (stage 5/ripe) |
| 28(Scotland) |
Vitamin C 1014 ± 30 nmol/g |
| 21(Turkey) |
Alpha-tocopherol 3.1-8.9 mg/kg, ascorbic acid 2.4-5.34 mg/kg |
| 29(Scotland) |
Vitamin C 672 ± 11 (fresh), 671 ± 14 (frozen) |
| Carotenoids |
|
| 27(Belgium) |
Lutein 2.8 mg/kg, beta-carotene<0.01 mg/kg, alpha-carotene 0.44 mg/kg, beta-ionone 1.72 mg/kg, alpha-ionone 0.62 mg/kg (stage 5/ripe) |
| 30(Bulgaria) |
Lutein 320 ± 37 mg /100 g, zeaxanthin 11 ± 2.6 mg /100 g, beta-cryptoxanthin 5.9 ± 1.5 mg /100 g, alpha-carotene 24 ± 1.9 mg /100 g, beta-carotene 9.3 ± 3.3 mg /100 g, total carotenoids 370 mg /100 g |
| Anthocyanins (flavonoids) |
| 5(United States) |
Total monomeric anthocyanins 1113.1 ± 30.7 mg/100 g (fresh), 425 ± 9.9 mg/100 g (juice non pasturised), 342 ± 14.2 mg/100 g (juice pasturised), 14.0 ± 0.6 mg/100 g (sediment) |
| 6(Finland)** |
Cyanidin-3- glucoside 15.6%, cyaniding-3-sophoroside 5.3%, cyaniding-3-arabinose 59.4%, pelar gonidin-3- glucoside 0.9%, perlargonidin-3-rutinoside 0.7%, perlargonidin-3-sophoroside 2.5% |
| 4(Croatia) |
Total anthocyanins 242.90 ± 3 mg/kg |
| 31(Croatia) |
cyanidin-3-sophoroside 620.1 ± 4 mg/kg, cy-3- glu 152.1 ± 1, total anthocyanins 772.2 ± 5 mg/kg |
| 32(United States) |
Anthocyanin 0.17-57.60 mg/100 g |
| 29(United Kingdom) |
Total anthocyanin 1037 ± 8 nmol/g (fresh), 1049 ± 14 (frozen) nmol/g, total anthocyanins 70 ± 21 g/100 g (fresh), 782 ± 31 g/100 g (frozen) |
| 33(United Kingdom) |
Cyanidin-3- glucoside 5.66 ± 0.18 mg/100 g, cyanidin-3-rutinoside 0.82 ± 0.02 mg/100 g, cyanidin-3-soporoside 22.42 ± 0.60 mg/100 g, p-coumaric glucose 2.87 ± 0.17 mg/100 g |
| 14(New Zealand) |
Mean anthocyanin 1126-3814 mg/g |
| 34(Poland) |
Cyanidin-3-O-sophoroside 22.74-80.03 mg/100 g, cyanidin-3-O-2 Glucoside-O- glucosie 9.88-53.09 mg/100 g, cyanidin-3-O- gluoside 15.02-76.12 mg/100 g, total anthocyanin 76.22-277.06 mg/100 g |
| Phenolic compounds |
| 28(Scotland) |
lambertanin C 322 ± 4 nmol/g, san guiin H-6 1030 ± 107 nmol/g, ellagic acid 11 ± 1nmol/g |
| 20(Turkey) |
Total phenolics avera ge 2046 mg GAE/g |
| 21(Turkey) |
Total phenolic acids 5.83-26.66%, caffeic acid 2.41-5.31 mg/kg, ferulic acid 4.90 mg/kg, syringic acid 0.1-7.32 mg/kg, ellagic acid 1.01-10.92 mg/kg, gallic acid 3.0-14.6 mg/kg |
| 35(United States) |
Total ellagitannin 23.34 ± 2.01 mg/100 g (fresh), 35.16 ± 8.18 mg/100 g (quick frozen), 39.48 ± 1.42 (canned in syrup), 44.39 ± 1.18 mg/100 g (canned in water), 32.24 ± 6.39 mg/100 g (pureed), 10.41 ± 0.39 mg/100 g (non-clarified juice), 6.39 ± 0.51 mg/100 g (clarified juice) |
| 4(Croatia) |
Total polyphenols 1256.16 ± 133 mg/kg |
| 36(Croatia) |
Catechin 11.10 ± 0.95 mg/L, epicatechin 13.6 ± 1.11 mg/L, total flavonols 24.6 mg/L, quercitin 1.18 ± 0.15 mg/L, chlorogenic acid 20.20 ± 2.15 mg/L, caffeic acid 14.20 ± 0.95 mg/L, p-coumaric acid 8.96 ± 0.71 mg/L, ferulic acid 4.19 ± 0.12 mg/L, gallic acid 13.10 ± 1.02 mg/L, p-hydroxybenzoic acid 19.10 ± 1.15 mg/L, ellagic acid 163.20 ± 7.25 mg/L, total phenolic compounds 268.70 mg/L |
| 32(United States) |
Total phenolics 3.59-512 mg/100 g, 63.5-103.4 mg/100 g |
| 37(Finland) |
p-coumaric acid 1-2 mg/kg, p-coumaroyl esters 7-13 mg/kg, caffeoyl esters 1-6 mg/kg, galloyl esters 5 mg/kg, ellagitannins 977-1560 mg/kg, ellagic acid 12-112 mg/kg, catechin 2 mg/kg, epicatechin 3-11 mg/kg, quercitin-3- glu 1-5 mg/kg |
| 29(United Kingdom) |
Total phenolics 3383 ± 230 g/100 g (fresh), 3321 ± 103 g/98 g, ellagic acid 3.5 ± 0.1 g/100 g (fresh), 3.9 ± 0.1 g/111 g (frozen) |
| Flavanols |
|
| 21(Turkey) |
quercitin 80.0 mg/kg |
| |
quercetin-3-O- glucoside 28 ± 4 nmol/g |
| 28(United Kingdom) |
Total flavonoids 1.77-6.09%, quercitin 80.0 mg/kg, catechol 2.12-12.1 mg/kg, progallol 2.02-9.7 mg/kg, vanillin 3.0-4.41 mg/kg, p-coumaric acid 67.03-2792.60 mg/kg |
| 31(Croatia) |
p-coumaric acid 0.5 ± 0.1 mg/kg, ferulic acid 0.9 ± 0.1 mg/kg, ellagic acid 22.7 ± 1.8 mg/kg, catechin 14.9 ± 1.3 mg/kg, epicatechin 18.1 ± 1.5 mg/kg, quercetin 0.3 ± 0.1 mg/kg, total flavonols 57.4 ± 4.9 mg/kg |
| 38(Thailand) |
Catechin 125.63 ± 1.08 mg/100 g, epicatchin 74.61 ± 2.35 mg/100 g, rutin 20.45 ± 0.44 mg/100 g, myricetin 0.74 ± 0.11 mg/100 g, resveratrol 5.88 ± 0.10 mg/100 g, quercetin 6.92 ± 0.11 mg/100 g, naringenin 0.90 ± 0.01 mg/10 g, kaempferol 0.34 ± 0.11 mg/100 g |
| Phytoestrogens |
|
| 10(Europe, ns) |
Enterodiol 191.9 nmol/g, Enterolactone 55.6 nmol/g, Total enterolignans 227.9 nmol/g (dry weight) |
* Country of harvest, * * aggregated data, nd-Not detected, ns- Not further specified |
